Thermodynamic investigation of the effect of oxygen and hydrogen chloride potential upon generation and decomposition behavior of dioxins

The thermodynamic equilibrium of the C‐H‐O‐Cl system has been calculated to elucidate the generation and decomposition behavior of dioxins, and is discussed from the viewpoint of the oxygen and hydrogen chloride potential. The dioxins behavior is greatly dependent on the oxygen potential, i.e. higher temperature and oxygen potential lead to the complete decomposition of dioxins, while low hydrogen chloride potential under insufficient oxygen condition leads to an increase of multi‐chlorine displacement of dioxins.     

中国沿海区域旅游化与生态环境耦合度分析及预测

中国沿海区域旅游产业发展主要以海洋资源和环境为依托,故处理好旅游产业发展与生态环境的关系是中国沿海旅游产业实现可持续发展的基础和前提。区域旅游化程度可以反映区域旅游产业发展水平,为探求中国沿海区域旅游产业发展与生态环境之间关系的态势和规律,首先,在构建中国沿海区域旅游化程度和生态环境质量水平的指标体系的基础上,以2000—2010年沿海11省(区)统计数据为基础,运用加权主成分TOPSIS法分别对两个系统进行综合评价;其次,基于物理学中的耦合模型,对中国沿海区域旅游化程度和生态环境质量的耦合度及其协调指数进行计算,并分析它们时空格局及其演变特征;最后,基于灰色系统理论,运用GM(1,1)预测模型对中国沿海区域未来15 a中国沿海区域旅游化水平与生态环境耦合度进行预测。研究结果发现:中国沿海区域旅游产业与生态环境两个系统在2000—2010年间一直处于拮抗期,但山东省、浙江省、江苏省和广西省将在2015年前先后由低水平的拮抗期跨入良性耦合阶段,而其他省(区)将处于并将长期处于拮抗期,且天津市、辽宁省和海南省两个系统的耦合度有下降趋势。     

基于HCNAM-BN的化工过程爆炸事故致因链分析

为了从源头上预防化工过程爆炸事故,依据风险耦合理论,探讨了各风险因子非线性耦合演化为爆炸事故的机理,构建了层次耦合网络分析模型（HCNAM）;从多因素风险耦合角度分析了国内外44起典型化工过程爆炸事故,统计了各风险因子之间的耦合概率并进行了耦合致因重要度分级;采用耦合概率与二态分布相结合的条件概率分布,将层次耦合网络分析模型转化为贝叶斯网络,并对氯乙烯单体槽爆炸性混合气体爆炸事故进行了应用研究。结果表明:91种双因子耦合风险状态中,47种呈现弱耦合致因特性;7种因子双耦合形成风险的概率较大;基于HCNAM-BN模型分析事故,可有效辨识事故最可能致因因素,获取各事故致因链的发生概率并确定事故网络关键节点。     

铝土矿海上运输安全风险研究综述

基于易流态化固体散装货物的定义,将具有类似特性的铝土矿作为研究对象,通过梳理易流态化固体散装货物海上运输风险的研究现状,评述2类研究方法——船舶与海洋工程方法和系统安全工程方法,探讨货物含水量及其本质物理属性作为热点的研究脉络,研讨作为承载工具的船舶适装性及其稳性特征,论述自然环境对船舶和货物的影响,探究船舶营运的全过程风险,归纳了有关流态化机理的研究结论。铝土矿安全运输的研究和实践表明国际航运业对铝土矿船运时的流态化机理尚不清晰、研究方法不足、应对措施不强,展望未来应开展以下工作:健全铝土矿海上运输监管机制、强化铝土矿与散货船的耦合机理研究、开展铝土矿运输船舶营运的过程风险研究、推进铝土矿海运安全风险管理的智能化。     

Coupling catalytic hydrolysis and oxidation for CS2 removal

CS2 removal was Obtained by coupling catalytic hyidation on bi-functional catalyst.On the hydrolysis active sites,CS2 is hydrolyzed to H2S,while on the oxidation active sites,H2S is oxidized to elemental S or sulfuric acid deposited on the porous support.The above process can be expressed as followsCS2→H2O COS →H2O H2S→O2 S/SO2- 4.H2S oxidation eliminates its prohibition on CS2 hydrolysis so that the rate of coupling removal CS2 is 5 times higher than that of CS2 hydrolysis.The same active energy of hydrolysis and coupling reaction also indicates that H2S oxidation does not change the reaction mechanism of CS2 hydrolysis.Temperature has obvious effect on the process while the mole ratio of O2 concentration to CS2 concentration (O/S) does not,especially in excess of 2.5.The formation of sulfuric acid on the catalyst surface poisons hydrolysis active sites and causes the decrease of left OH-1 concentration on the catalysts surface.Lower temperature is suggested for this bi-functional catalyst owing to the low yield ratio of S/SO4 2-.     

Preliminary analysis of single flash combined with binary system using thermodynamic assessment: a case study of Dieng geothermal power plant

This paper addressed the performance of single flash combined with a binary system that was proposed in the Dieng geothermal power plant by applying thermodynamic assessment methods. A set of mathematical equations from the plant was developed and solved iteratively using engineering equation solver. The results showed that the available exergy of the produced fluid from production wells is 66,204 kW. The performance of an existing single-flash power plant indicated 24,300 kW of net power output. The proposed design of single flash combined with a binary system improves the power output by 17.16% to 27,786 kW. The second law efficiency increases from 36.7% to 41.97% while the first law efficiency increases from 11.62% to 13.61%.     

Analysis of Coupling between Soil and Water Conservation and Economic-social Development

Abstract

The coupling relation exists in water and soil conservation and economic-social development. The article analyses the relation of soil and water conservation and economic-social development stages as well as the coupling analytical method. Then calculates the expecting income by dispersing Markov decision and calculates the correlation coefficient and the relationship degree. The article obtains the relationship of soil and water conservation investments and all kinds of incomes. Finally, it analyzes the important meaning in socio-economic development of water and soil conservation.     

黄河流域地级城市土地集约利用效率与生态福利绩效的耦合性分析

通过构建包含时间趋势变量的超越对数生产函数形式的随机前沿分析模型,对黄河流域2008—2017年57个城市的土地集约利用效率与生态福利绩效进行了测度,借助偏离系数的耦合度模型、马尔科夫链以及地理探测器等方法从市域和省域层面探究了两者耦合度的动态演进规律,并阐明了耦合机理与驱动机制。研究发现：（1）各城市的土地集约利用效率稳中有进,而生态福利绩效却呈波动下降的态势,两者的耦合度经历了“先降后升”的阶段性演变过程。（2）大部分省份耦合度的变异系数表现出扩大的倾向,尚有近1/5的城市属于低发展度低协调度的耦合类型;耦合度在空间上呈现出“东北—西南”走向的分异格局,重心整体向西南方向移动,其类型演变以大概率保持原有类型和向相邻的类型转化为主。（3）在驱动因子探测中,经济发展解释力>自然条件解释力>社会文明解释力;因子交互作用以双因子增强效应为主,非线性增强效应为辅,且社会因子是最主要的交互对象。     

光催化与生物膜直接耦合降解4-氟苯酚废水

为了实现4-氟苯酚（4-FP）废水的快速持续降解,本文构建了光催化与生物膜直接耦合系统.该耦合系统由N掺杂TiO₂涂覆光催化光纤束、生物膜、核孔膜和紫外-可见LED光源构成.实验研究了单独光催化、单独微藻生物膜及光催化-生物膜耦合3种体系对4-FP的降解性能.研究发现：光催化系统降解4-FP速率慢、脱氟效率低,12h内降解率为94.3%,脱氟率仅为24.7%.微藻生物膜在第一个周期内对4-FP的降解性能高于单独光催化,10h内降解率达到98.9%,脱氟率达到90.9%,但3个周期后4-FP降解率降低至75.5%,脱氟率降低至69.5%.在耦合系统中,生物膜中微生物种群发生了自适应调整,富集了大量的红球菌、假单胞菌和无色杆菌,导致了光催化、生物降解及光合作用三者亲密协作,实现了4-FP快速持续地降解,运行12个周期后,5h即可将4-FP完全降解,同时溶解有机碳及脱氟率分别达到89.4%和78.3%.     

基于MIKE 21的汾河水库挟沙水流水质数值模拟研究

为了揭示悬浮泥沙(SSC)对水库水质的影响规律,对汾河水库进行样品收集和长期水质监测,采用水动力模型与泥沙转移和富营养化模型相结合的方法,将这三者关联耦合,并通过实测数据对模型进行参数率定和验证,分析含沙水和不含沙水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)、溶解氧(DO)四项指标,得出两者对水质造成的影响。结果表明:SSC对TN、TP的去除作用明显,对Chla、DO浓度分布影响较小,并计算了污染物的释放量以及贡献率,得出TP的负荷仅为16.47t,而贡献率高达25.25%。因此在汾河的污染控制方面应侧重削减磷,进而改善汾河地区的污染现状。