Climatic change and urbanization effect in China

Climatic change and urbanization effect in China during the last 39 years were investigated. It is found that a warming of about 0.23℃ for the annual temperature has been noticed from 1951 to 1989. The warmings of about 0.78 ℃ in winter and 0.34 3℃ in spring have been shown. It is also presented that a cooling of about -0.27℃ in summer has been indicated. The bigger cities are warmer than smaller cities in China. The dried trends in the annual precipitation during the last 39 years were presented. The precipitation decreased obviously in summer all over China. The bigger cities were drier than smaller cities.     

序批式反应器的水力停留时间的理论探讨

根据液龄分布函数是二元函数的观点．推导出了当进、出水流量是时间的函数时，反应器的水力停留时间的通用积分式和离散式；然后得出了序批式反应器(SBR）的水力停留时间(HRT)具体表达式，并分析了用现有方法计算其水力停留时间所产生的误差．结果表明，最大相对误差rmax仅与充水比λ有关．且呈正相关关系．取典型值λ=0．4时，rmax高达25％。     

Ecological networks and greenways in Europe: reasoning and concepts

The paper gives an overview of approaches towards ecological networks throughout Europe.It does not intend to present a complete picture,but to highlight comon developments within countries and regions and show common principles and differences between countries and regions that have to be taken into account when developing a joint European intiative,Countries or regions that have not been included can be active in the same way ,but information was not accessible to be authors for different reasons.This overview shows the comparable trends in decline of landscapes and the diversity in approaches to biodiversity conservation and nature conservation planning.Understanding the differences and common issues are of utmost imprtance to generalise common principles and to understand the way neighbours and other European partners approach problems.     

应用被动扩散管监测分析葫芦岛市环境空气NO2时空分布特征

被动扩散技术以其低成本、操作简单、空间覆盖率较高等优点已在西方国家广泛应用于环境空气质量监测与调查，辽宁省环保局通过欧盟项目引进，本技术在葫芦岛市环境空气质量监测应用有4年时间。依据4年环境空气被动扩散管监测基础数据，分析了解葫芦岛市城区大气中NO2时空分布特征：高浓度值出现在交通区，季节上呈现春季明显低于其它季节。     

Carbon Budget Implications of the Transition from Natural to Managed Disturbance Regimes in Forest Landscapes

Land-use change from an unmanaged to a managed forested landscape in northern forests is associated with a reduction of the area annually affected by natural disturbances (wildfires and forest insects) and the introduction of harvesting as a new disturbance. This study examined the impacts of changes in the disturbance regime-the frequency and type of disturbance-on landscape-level carbon (C) content and fluxes. The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector was used to assess these impacts in six representative landscapes (100,000 ha each) with a range of disturbance regimes that are characteristic of conditions in coastal British Columbia, the interior of British Columbia, and the eastern boreal forest in Canada. The model was used to simulate ecosystem C fluxes during a period of natural disturbances, a 50-year transition period during which harvesting replaced natural disturbances, followed by 150 years of harvesting. The initial landscape-level biomass C content under natural disturbance regimes in the six example landscapes was 22 to 75% of their potential maximum content which is often used as the reference or baseline case. After 200 years of forest management, the C stored in the landscape plus the C retained in forest products manufactured from harvested biomass was between 58 and 101% of the landscape C content prior to the onset of harvesting. Landscape-level ecosystem C content was found to be affected by changes in the disturbance frequency, the age-dependence of the disturbance probabilities, and the disturbance-specific impacts on ecosystem C content. The results indicate that using the potential maximum C content of a landscape as the baseline always overestimates the actual C release due to land use change. A more meaningful procedure would be to assess the actual differences in landscape-level C content between the natural and the managed disturbance regime.     

三维叠前时间偏移技术在江苏WZD地区的应用

当地下地质构造复杂、断裂发育,横向速度变化不是太剧烈的情况下,提高偏移成像精度,三维叠前时间偏移是一种行之有效的方法。三维叠前时间偏移取得成功的关键:一是高保真、高信噪比的叠前数据;二是建立一个合理的三维偏移速度场。随着计算机性能的不断提高,三维叠前时间偏移逐渐成为常规处理技术,该技术在江苏油田WZD地区得到了广泛的应用,实际资料处理结果及钻探效果证实了三维叠前时间偏移技术是解决WZD地区复杂构造成像精度的一种好方法。     

试论机构改革中环境监测站的企业化发展

阐述了环境监测机构体制改革的社会背景和必要性、可行性及需要注意的事项.环境监测站向企业化发展,可以采用成立国有控股公司的形式,把环境监测系统的国有资产从环境保护行政主管部门分离出来,国家享有财务所有权,企业享有独立法人财产权、处置权,企业以获得股东价值最大化为目标,实行公司化管理.     

环境管理中“限期治理制度”的有关问题

基于我国法制建设的要求以及市场经济建设过程中所面临的问题，从法律角度出发探讨了我国环境管理制度中的“限期治理制度”，包括其性质及与其他环境管理制度的关系等。从立法上对此制度的完善作了探讨。     

矿物包裹体爆裂测温曲线上的“相变峰”及其意义

矿物的相转变曾被认为是矿物包裹体爆裂法测温的影响因素之一。本文从矿物在加热过程中发生相转变和内部气液包裹体爆裂二者不同的作用机理,以及在爆裂曲线上不同的反映出发,通过一些实验和实例对比,探讨了矿物相变对爆裂法测温实际效果的影响,和所谓石英“相变峰”在岩体对比等方面的实际意义,得出矿物相变对爆裂法测温不会产生有害影响的结论。     

SBR法处理麻生物脱胶废水的T艺实验研究St

采用SBR法处理麻生物脱胶废水，实验考察了溶解氧、曝气时间、污泥负荷与处理效果的关系。结果表明，在限制性曝气及COD