一起电焊机触电事故剖析

通过对一起典型的电烬机触电事故分析,找出了事故发生的原因,提出了防范措施,对企业预防同类事故发生有一定意义。     

Performance and stability of an anaerobic fixed bed reactor subjected to progressive increasing concentrations of influent organic matter and organic shock loads

Data on the performance of a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor subjected to step increases of organic loading rates (OLR) and to organic shock loads (OSL) are presented and discussed. The tubular reactor (100 cm long and 5 cm diameter) with a useful volume of 1995 mL was filled with polyurethane foam cubic matrices holding immobilized biomass and fed with synthetic wastewater. The reactor was operated at the controlled temperature of 30+/-1 degrees C and hydraulic retention time of 7 h. After about 15 days, the HAIB reactor attained operating stability. Thereafter, it was subjected to step increases of the applied OLR that ranged from 6.8 to 18.8 kg COD/m(3)d. After steady state had been achieved at each step, OSL corresponding to approximately three times the operating OLR were applied for 7 h. No disturbance was observed due to the step increase in OLR. An increase in effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations and a decrease in the percentage of methane in the biogas were observed due to OSL applications. However, stability of the monitoring parameters was always restored approximately 17 h after the application of OSL for all conditions tested.     

浅析工业企业用电设备保护接地

阐述了保护接地原理,适用范围,接地电阻的选择标准,提出对接地装置的维护、使用方法.     

Alginate modifies the physiological impact of CeO2 nanoparticles in corn seedlings cultivated in soil

Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle （NP） toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70.     

冲击负荷下水平潜流人工湿地水流规律研究

在示踪剂试验的基础上,利用水力停留时间分布（RTD）,探讨了冲击负荷下水平潜流人工湿地的水流规律.结果表明：水平潜流人工湿地在恒定负荷和冲击负荷条件下的实际平均停留时间均大于表观停留时间,混合效应是导致流态偏离理想推流态的主要原因;水力冲击使入流污染物（包括冲击前、冲击中以及冲击后进入的污染物）在系统内部的接触反应时间缩短,其中峰值时间、最短停留时间和实际平均停留时间的相对大小依次均为：恒定负荷＞冲击负荷后＞冲击负荷前＞冲击负荷中;采用基于动态流量的时间变量进行归一化处理后的RTD对人工湿地所处的水力负     

挡板缓冲下煤与瓦斯突出冲击波传播减能机制研究

为揭示煤与瓦斯突出冲击波在挡板缓冲条件下能量耗散规律,利用流体动力学理论建立突出冲击波在挡板缓冲下的传播特征分析的数学模型,分析突出冲击波沿巷道衰减的影响因素,基于不同的突出压力条件下煤与瓦斯突出物理模拟试验和数值模拟结果,研究沿着直巷道突出冲击波在挡板缓冲下能量的削弱机制和传播规律。研究结果表明：矿井突出冲击波能量的衰减程度主要与突出压力、输运煤粉做功和巷道横截面积有关,突出压力与冲击波传播超压成正相关关系,巷道横截面积是人为削弱冲击波能量最有效的途径;根据不同的突出压力,突出冲击波超压沿巷道主要表现为急剧增大,然后压力逐渐降低;挡板缓冲下反射冲击波与突出入射冲击波叠加的二次加速作用,导致挡板装置断面前后空间局部能量变大,但总体能量是减弱的,降低了突出冲击波的传播距离;通过理论分析、物理试验和数值模拟所得结果基本一致。     

不同曲率弯曲巷道爆炸冲击波传播特性数值模拟研究

为研究爆炸冲击波在不同曲率弯曲巷道内的传播规律,采用数值模拟手段建立了不同曲率弯曲巷道爆炸模型,分析了爆炸冲击波在巷道内的传播特性及其变化规律, 并结合冲击波超压对人体的伤害程度分类,研究了不同曲率弯曲巷道内爆炸破坏效应分区。模拟结果表明,弯曲角度改变了巷道内冲击波超压分布,随着巷道弯曲角度的不断增大,壁面反射对冲击波超压峰值分布起主要作用,随着传播距离的增加,冲击波超压峰值衰减显著,体现了超压峰值变化的距离效应。此外,巷道弯曲角度的增加整体减小了爆炸损伤严重程度。研究结果可实现对不同曲率弯曲巷道内冲击波超压分布的预测,并为巷道内爆炸事故预防及应急救援提供借鉴。     

天然橡胶减震垫减震性能研究分析

采用相同结构的两种天然橡胶减震垫,进行了三种条件下的冲击试验和一种条件的振动试验,研究了减震材料硬度、产品质量对减震性能的影响.承受60g以上冲击时,使用该减震垫的产品经受的冲击能量可衰减50%以上,谐振频率在20Hz～40Hz的产品不宜使用该减震垫.     

移动床生物膜反应器用于苯酚废水处理的性能研究

实验应用移动床生物膜反应器处理人工配制的苯酚废水,研究了在不同的苯酚进水浓度和不同的水力停留时间时苯酚的去除效率,以及反应器对冲击负荷的承受能力.结果表明,在水力停留时间为24 h、苯酚进水浓度从200 mg·L-逐渐上升至1400 mg·L-1以及苯酚进水浓度1000 mg·L-1、水力停留时间从32 h逐渐降至16 h的条件下,苯酚均能够被完全去除.对冲击负荷,MBBR具有较强的承受能力.由荧光原位杂交技术分析可知,酵母菌和真细菌是反应器中降解苯酚的主要微生物.说明移动床生物膜工艺能够高效地用于苯酚废水处理之中.     

模拟水下近距非接触爆炸环境的中量级冲击试验

由于非接触爆炸冲击环境引起的冲击值的范围取决于单位时间内的位移,中量级冲击试验条件是建立在舰船、装备受到剧烈的冲击载荷而不至于毁灭的基础上的,因此,采用了中量级冲击机进行试验,介绍了试验条件及参数。试验结果表明,用中量级冲击机来模拟水下近距离非接触爆炸性环境并对装备进行考核是当前可行的一种技术手段。