Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

Catalytic performance of copper and cerium oxides-based γ-Al_2O_3 on combustion of toluene

以γ-Al2O3为载体,以复合氧化物CuxCe1-xO2为活性组分,其中,x=0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,通过浸渍法制备了一系列CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂.在固定床反应器中评价了催化剂对甲苯的催化活性,通过XRD、SEM对催化剂进行表征,并运用ICP-MS分析并计算Cu、Ce的摩尔比以及活性组分的负载量.结果表明,在CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Cu、Ce摩尔比的实际值与理论值相近,活性组分的负载量在19%以上,而且对甲苯都有较好的低温催化活性,其中当x=0.2时,即Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲苯的催化活性最高,其中T10=160℃,T90=265℃;当甲苯的进口浓度在700～3000mg·m-3时,进口浓度对Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化活性影响较小,且经过连续80h的稳定性操作后转化率仍然保持在90%以上.     

等离子体催化降解甲苯途径的原位红外研究

考察了在常温常压条件下,等离子体分别协同SiO₂、Al₂O₃、NiO/Al₂O₃降解甲苯的性能,并从材料的介电常数、对甲苯的吸附性及臭氧分解能力等角度分析了不同活性表现的原因,同时,采用原位红外技术研究了甲苯降解过程中催化剂表面吸附物种的变化.结果表明,当甲苯浓度为100 ppm,气体流量为100 mL·min^-1时,一定范围内,甲苯降解率随着能量密度、介电常数、吸附性及臭氧分解能力的提高而提高.甲苯在催化剂表面的吸附对其降解途径有十分重要的影响:在放电区域中加入SiO₂,甲苯仍然在气相中完成降解;而存在Al₂O₃ 及NiO/Al₂O₃时,甲苯氧化成苯甲酸的过程主要发生在催化剂表面,是甲苯催化降解的关键步骤,苯甲酸在活性位点的积累将降低催化剂的反应活性.     

生物炭降解苯和甲苯混合废气性能研究

该研究以生物炭为过滤介质 ,探讨过滤塔降解气流中苯、甲苯的生物降解性能 .实验表明 ,在总有机负荷低于 3 5 0 g/ (h·m3)、停留时间 1 5～ 90s的实验条件下 ,滤塔对苯和甲苯混合气体有较好的降解性能 ,苯、甲苯的最大削减能力分别为 1 2 0 g/ (h·m3)和 1 5 0 g/ (h·m3) ,甲苯比苯更易被微生物降解 .滤塔中CO2 生成量随苯、甲苯降解量的增加而增加 ,但实验增长速率小于理论增长速率 .菌落分析表明 ,滤塔中微生物主要有真菌、杆菌、芽孢杆菌 ,其中芽孢杆菌为优势菌种 .根据吸附 生物降解机理 ,建立了VOCs去除模型 ,并予以验证 .     

高流量负荷下低浓度VOCs废气的生物法处理

高流量负荷下生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气的实验结果表明,当气体流量在0.8m/h,入口气体甲苯浓度为105mg/m,停留时间18.3s时,甲苯的净化效率可达到61.9%,出口气体甲苯浓度低于国家对现有企业的排放标准(≤60mg/m³).适宜的操作温度应控制在20～25℃之间,氮磷营养添加量的配比应控制为C:N:P=200:5:1.依据实验结果数据,对相关的机理问题进行了分析探讨.     

Effects of seed aerosols on the growth of secondary organic aerosols from the photooxidation of toluene

Hydroxyl radical （.OH）-initiated photooxidation reaction of toluene was carried out in a self-made smog chamber. Four individual seed aerosols such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium silicate and calcium chloride, were introduced into the chamber to assess their influence on the growth of secondary organic aerosols （SOA）. It was found that the low concentration of seed aerosols might lead to high concentration of SOA particles. Seed aerosols would promote rates of SOA formation at the start of the reaction and inhibit its formation rate with prolonging the reaction time. In the case of ca. 9000 pt/cm^3 seed aerosol load, the addition of sodium silicate induced a same effect on the SOA formation as ammonium nitrate. The influence of the four individual seed aerosols on the generation of SOA decreased in the order of calcium chloride〉sodium silicate and ammonium nitrate〉ammonium sulfate.     

载体酸处理对CuMnCeOx/堇青石微波催化燃烧甲苯性能的影响

针对堇青石载体比表面积小、活性组分分散程度低等问题,本研究使用盐酸对蜂窝状堇青石载体进行酸蚀处理以增大其比表面积.在采用等体积浸渍法制备CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石催化剂的基础上,开展了微波催化燃烧甲苯试验以考察酸处理对催化剂活性的影响,同时对CuMnCeO_x/堇青石与CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石催化剂进行BET、SEM、PSDA和XRD等表征测试.结果表明,堇青石载体的比表面积由酸蚀前的0.153 m²·g^-1提高至酸蚀后的1.024m²·g^-1;酸蚀未改变堇青石载体的晶体结构,同时CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石活性组分的特征峰相较于CuMnCeO_x/堇青石催化剂有所增多.在处理气量为0.12m³·h^-1、甲苯初始浓度为1000 mg·m^-3和床层温度为160℃的反应条件下,CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石催...     

Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas

Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric xylenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Dra¨ger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) adsorption. BTX were extracted with carbon disulphide and analysed using ...     

乙氰菊酯对草履虫的毒性

乙氰菊酯是一种新型菊酯类杀虫剂．以甲苯为助溶剂的水溶液，对草履虫的半致死浓度为１６．３ｍｇ／ｌ；以丙酮为助溶剂的水溶液对草履虫的半致死浓度为２４．０ｍＧ／ｌ。建议在实际应用乙氰菊酯农药时以丙酮代替甲苯做助溶剂为好。     

微波辐照载甲苯活性炭再生研究

研究在微波辐照条件下,活性炭量、微波功率、载气量、加热时间等因素对载甲苯活性炭脱附的影响,在正交实验中,各个影响因素的重要性排序为：氮气流量、活性炭量、辐照时间、微波功率,最佳的操作工况为：活性炭量9 g、载气流量300 mL/min、辐照时间120 s、微波功率500W,活性炭的脱附率在99.74%.