Multipoint source method in air pollution modelling of cold start emission

The paper presents a new method of air pollution modelling on a micro scale. For estimation of concentration of car exhaust pollutants, each car is treated as an instantaneous moving emission source. This approach enables us to model time and spatial changes of emission, especially during cold and cool start of an engine. These stages of engine work are a source of significant pollution concentration in urban areas. In this work, two models are proposed: one for the estimation of emission after cold start of the engine and another for the prediction of pollutant concentration. The first model (defined for individual exhaust gas pollutants) enables us to calculate the emission as a function of time after the cold or cool start, ambient temperature and average speed of motion. This model uses the HBEFA database. The second mathematical model is developed in order to calculate the pollutant dispersion and concentrations. The finite volume method is applied to discretise the set of partial differential equations describing wind flow and pollutant dispersion in the domain considered. Models presented in this paper can be called short-term models on a small spatial scale. The results of numerical simulation of pollutant emission and dispersion are also presented.     

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON (HCB, DDTs AND PCBs LEVELS IN CETACEANS STRANDED ALONG THE ITALIAN COASTS: AN OVERVIEW

Concentrations of HCB, DDTs and PCBs in the tissues andorgans of cetaceans ( Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Balaenoptera physalus, Steno bredanensis}, Grampus griseus} and Globicephala melaena) strandedalong the Italian coasts in the period 1987–1993 are reported. The values are compared between speciesand between specimens of the samespecies. Chlorinated hydrocarbon (CH) levels were found toincrease in relation to the quantity andtype of lipids in each tissue and organ. Differences inaccumulation encountered in the differentspecies are principally due to different feeding habitats.Remarkable differences found between malesand females of each species confirm that during gestation andlactation, females undergo disintoxication by passing much of their total burden of CHs to their young.     

第三产业风机、冷却塔噪声污染防治浅谈

随着社会的发展，尤其是第三产业的不断兴起，其噪声污染问题日益突出。本文从对噪声扰民案件入手、分析，发现风机和冷却塔噪声污染最为严重。针对主要污染源，从技术方面提出了解决噪声污染的方法，为环境管理，治理提供科学依据。     

汽车尾气污染及其净化处理技术

本文详细阐述了汽车尾气的有害成份及其对人类健康的危害。为此 ,应该采取净化处理措施 ,减少或者消除有害气体的产生 ,为大气环境洁净而创造条件。     

Ecoprofit-Styria-prepare Thirteen pollution prevention case studies in the Styrian industry

The paper focuses upon the organization of a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry. The project includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the Styrian industry. It started in January 1994 and will last for one year. It will demonstrate the possibilities of pollution prevention and the need for further research work. This project will make use of the methods and tools that were refined in the Austrian Prepare project. As a first step, a systematic balance of all the inputs and outputs of a company is made, after which the weak points and inefficiencies of material and energy use are identified and the options for improvements, both economical and ecological, are defined. Consequently, modifications in products and production lead to a situation with less waste and emissions. The preliminary lessons from these projects are presented: as a rule, the utilities (consumption of process materials and water, cleaning, energy, preparatory and finishing steps) are treated as black boxes and usually represent a considerable optimization potential. In these areas especially there is usually a lack of information and coordination as well as a need for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Leadership in the company and creative consultants are needed for starting lasting successful pollution prevention projects.     

海滨浴场的卫生细菌学调查及保护对策

从卫生细菌学角度，选用总大量菌群作为指标，对多年的海浴场监测结果进行了综合分析，以期了解近年来秦皇岛海滨浴场的水质变化情况，并提出了可行的保护对策。     

基于GIS的汉江水污染信息管理系统的结构设计

介绍了基于GIS开发的汉江流域水污染信息管理系统的结构设计 ,本系统可实现对汉江全流域的基础地理信息、用水信息、污染信息的输入、输出、查询 ,进而利用水文水质预测模型作出评价、预测 ,为有效控制汉江流域水污染 ,促进全流域的社会经济可持续发展提供一定的决策支持。     

滇池细菌总数与有机碳、氮、磷的调查研究

通过对滇池水体一年多的定点采样工作,重点调查研究了草海、外海表层水中细菌数量及有机营养盐碳、氮、磷的季节变化规律,分析探讨了细菌总数与环境条件和有机营养盐之间的某些关系.对滇池富营养治理提出了一些建议,并提出利用微生物学的方法参与这一研究.     

环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测方法探讨

以某铝厂环境空气氟化物污染纠纷的技术仲裁监测为实例，总结出了一套环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测的工作程序和方法，从法律程序、技术路线、质量保证，监测指标体系等方面对环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测工作如何开展进行了探讨。     

滇池草海蓝藻清除应急措施总体方案

我国首例大型湖泊蓝藻清除工程中，制订了由湖泊应急治理措施、水资源应急调控措施和行政管理强化措施构成的注重时空需要、突出治标应急和多专业、多技术相互配合的综合应急方案。