剪切波速推测的工程应用

剪切波速是场地地震反应分析中的一个重要计算参数.针对工程中剪切波速测试不能达到技术要求的情况,本文简要分析了剪切波速测试不能达到要求的原因,并介绍了剪切波速推测作为弥补手段,使剪切波速达到技术要求.通过工程实例介绍了两种推测剪切波速的办法,一种是利用指数形式的经验公式推测剪切波速,主要是介绍了通过微调公式中的部分参数,使得推测结果更结合实际,另一种是利用多项式形式拟合来推测剪切波速,主要是通过观察其分布规律,来确定其拟合函数的形式.     

云南旅游业的可持续发展

为便于对旅游资源实行分类指导与管理，云南可划分出４个旅游资源区。总体上生态环境质量是好的，但各区均有不同的环境问题，为促进全省旅游业的可持续发展，应统一规划协调，防患于未然，协调各方利益，特别是与旅游地群众的利益，并大力做好基础科学研究工作。     

可控制性旅游灾害的影响分析及防治策略探究

本文在旅游灾害定义研究的基础之上,根据旅游灾害产生的原因和旅游灾害的性质,将旅游灾害分为可控制性旅游灾害和不可控制性旅游灾害.可控性旅游灾害主要是人为原因(包括旅游者和管理者方面)或伴随旅游发展而产生的,这类旅游灾害在现实中已产生了较大影响,对旅游业的发展极为不利.因此探讨可控制性旅游灾害的影响和防治策略,不仅能引起人们对这种人为性旅游灾害的重视,而且还可以推动旅游业健康、稳定的发展.     

环境保护与金湖旅游并举

阐述了环境保护带动金湖旅游经济可持续发展的现实意义。     

南京山水与十朝古都胜迹

南京座落在中－新生代山间盆地，是长江南岸－座山青水系的山城。远在600年前，此地已有原始村落。公元3－20世纪，先后有东吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈六朝和南唐、明、太平天国、中华民国在此建都，历时446年，遂成为我国四大古都之一。这座十朝都会的古城，还遗留不少胜迹，如城墙、陵墓、宫址、寺庙、石窟、石雕、石刻、浮图、殿宇、楼台、古钟、园林和湖泊等，是我国历史文化名城和旅游胜地。     

景观生态学在旅游规划中的应用

应用景观生态学原理，分析在景观生态学指导下旅游规划的基本过程。提出了旅游规划的景观生态学原则：整体优化原则、多样性原则、综合效益原则、个性与特殊保护原则；以及景观生态学在旅游规划中的宏观应用与微观应用。指出旅游地景观生态规划是在景观水平层次上对旅游地的旅游景观、环境景观等所进行的一种规划，它本质上是一种包含“旅游”、“景观”、“生态”三方面的综合性规划，而景观生态学在旅游规划中的微观应用则主要体现在对景观结构要素斑-廊-基的具体设计上，全文深入探讨了“规划结合自然”的旅游规划的景观生态学途径。     

Effects of Tourists on Behavior and Demography of Olympic Marmots

Abstract:  If changes in animal behavior resulting from direct human disturbance negatively affect the persistence of a given species or population, then these behavioral changes must necessarily lead to reduced demographic performance. We tested for the effects of human disturbance on Olympic marmots ( Marmota olympus ), a large ground-dwelling squirrel that has disappeared from several areas where recreation levels are high. We assessed the degree to which antipredator and foraging behavior and demographic rates (survival and reproduction) differed between sites with high recreation levels (high use) and those with little or no recreation (low use). Compared with the marmots at low-use sites, marmots at high-use sites displayed significantly reduced responses to human approach, which could be construed as successful accommodation of disturbance or as a decrease in predator awareness. The marmots at high-use sites also looked up more often while foraging, which suggests an increased wariness. Marmots at both types of sites had comparable reproductive and survival rates and were in similar body condition. Until now, the supposition that marmots can adjust their behavior to avoid negative demographic consequences when confronted with heavy tourism has been based on potentially ambiguous behavioral data. Our results support this hypothesis in the case of Olympic marmots and demonstrate the importance of considering demographic data when evaluating the impacts of recreation on animal populations.     

Substitutability, experience, and the value disparity: evidence from the marketplace

Recent empirical evidence suggests that important disparities exist between willingness to pay and compensation demanded for the same good. These results, which clearly contradict closely held economic doctrines, have led some influential commentators to call for an entirely new economic paradigm to displace conventional neoclassical theory. This study examines the generality of these experimental findings by going to a well-functioning marketplace and examining more than 350 individual decisions across two incentive-compatible elicitation mechanisms. The data suggest that behavior of individuals with intense experience approaches neoclassical predictions: any observed WTA/WTP disparity amongst this group is negligible.     

An Exploration of Dynamical Systems Modelling as a Decision Tool for Environmental Policy

A weakness often found in conventional environmental management tools is that of treating the dynamics of environmental effects and the underlying dynamics of structural change as external factors, precluding their ability to capture the evolutionary behaviour which characterizes economic systems. This article suggests a spatial dynamic modelling framework which addresses explicitly complex sectorial linkages and their environmental effects. The economic dynamics of the model are given spatial reference by means of a set of sector-based suitabilities, which allows us to explore both local environmental degradation effects as they unfold, and how these impacts then affect the economic productivity of the system as a whole. The approach is illustrated by calibrating the model with 1971-1981 data for the island of Crete, and then running it to explore how the economic dynamics of the island might evolve to the year 2001. This article presents a means through which to endogenize the environment and its explicit linkages with sectorial economic dynamics which can be of considerable use to environmental management in all its dimensions.     

湖南新化县文化旅游资源开发探索

在分析“蚩尤故里”湖南新化县丰富的山水文化、历史文化、名人文化、洞穴文化、民俗文化等旅游资源特色和开发利用条件的基础上,提出在其开发旅游资源的一些构想及科学规划的建议.参3.