洛阳佛教文化旅游资源开发刍议

佛教文化旅游是近年来的热门话题,它的实体性景观和活动性景观对旅游者来说拥有不可估量的吸引力,将佛教文化与旅游资源开发充分有效地结合起来,对促进当地的旅游经济具有极大的冲击力。洛阳拥有龙门石窟、白马寺等有着世界级名誉的佛教文化遗产,在旅游资源的开发中存在着旅游产品类型单一、旅游商品缺乏特色、夜景旅游缺乏等问题,针对出现的问题提出了一些对策性建议,这对促进佛教文化旅游资源的合理规划和开发利用具有现实的指导意义。     

旅游景区(点)系统空间结构随机聚集分形研究——以南京市旅游景区(点)系统为例

根据旅游景区(点)系统自组织演化的特征,以南京市旅游景区(点)系统为例,采用随机聚集分形的方法对其空间结构进行了研究。认为景区(点)系统的演化类似于有限扩散集团凝聚模型,得出景区(点)系统空间结构是分形的,具有比较明显的随机聚集分形结构,在不同的地理区域上表现为不同的系统演化时段,空间结构上的向心性作用也有强弱之分,从系统的聚集中心向四周是景点密度衰减的。指出随机聚集维数的测算与分析是景区(点)系统空间结构自组织优化趋势的判据,同时提供了优化的途径。     

太湖苏州三山岛旅游资源议论

本文对太湖苏州三山岛旅游区的区位、自然景观、文化内函和科学潜能作了初步评论．同时提出三山岛旅游业应瞄准国际旅游业趋势、四大热点，以高的起点将可持续性旅游作为三山岛立足之本，建议开展从旅游学研究，加大宣传力度提高三山岛的知名度。     

贵阳市开阳县香火岩风景区的岩溶风景类型及其成因探讨

本文介绍了贵阳市开阳县香火岩风景区的区域地质概况 ,特别是景区的地质背景 ,着重探讨了岩溶风景类型及其成因。     

Wind tunnel attraction of grapevine moth females, Lobesia Botrana, to natural and artificial grape odour

Summary. Host plant volatiles which attract insect herbivores for egg-laying are of principal interest with respect to insect ecology and evolution. Direct applications concern population monitoring and control through behavioural manipulation. Identification of behaviourally active plant secondary metabolites is essential also for plant breeding for insect resistance. Grapevine moth females Lobesia botrana are attracted by upwind flight to green grape berries Vitis vinifera. The headspace of grape berries was collected on air filters. A solvent extract of these filters, released from a sprayer, attracted females in the wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that volatile cues mediate attraction of grapevine moth females to grape berries, and that headspace collections capture the essence of this odour signal. The air filter extracts were examined by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection, and the compounds eliciting a consistent antennal response in L. botrana females were identified by mass spectrometry. The headspace collection apparatus was calibrated for collection efficiency of the active compounds. Their recovery rate ranged from 35 % for methyl salicylate to 83 % for (E,E)-α-farnesene. A synthetic ten-component blend was then formulated. The blend consisted of compounds eliciting an antennal response, formulated in a blend ratio corrected for differences in collection efficiency. Subsequent wind tunnel tests showed that female attraction to this synthetic ten-component blend was not significantly different from attraction to grape berries, or to headspace collections of the same berries. At a release rate of 35 ng/h of the most abundant compound (E)-β-caryophyllene, 20 % of the test females approached the source of sprayed headspace collections and the ten-component synthetic blend, respectively. In comparison, 100 g of green berries, releasing the main compound (E)-β-caryophyllene at a rate of ca. 4.7 ng/h, attracted 10 % of the females by upwind flight followed by source contact.     

Modeling the Effects of Limiting the Number of Visitors on Failure Rates of Seabird Nests

Abstract:  Most attempts to manage disturbance by visitors to nature reserves concentrate on limiting visitor access in some way, which is often unpopular with both visitors and managers. In a few nature reserves the daily numbers of visitors are limited, an action that need not necessarily reduce the total number of visitors. As a test of the assumptions that underlie this management practice, we examined the relationship between daily visitor numbers and daily failure rates of nests in two species of seabirds. Daily failure rates for Black-legged Kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) were weakly correlated with daily visitor numbers but indicated that capping daily visitor numbers slightly reduced overall breeding success. This was not the case for Common Murres ( Uria aalge ), where failure rate declined seasonally but was not significantly correlated with visitor numbers. For some species, it appears that capping daily visitor numbers may have small conservation costs.     

开发河南旅游资源的市场导向

本文指出,把旅游资源优势转化为经济优势是河南旅游业发展的关键,转化的方式是将旅游资源变为旅游产品,转化的原则是市场的需求,转化的步骤是根据市场需求,对旅游资源进行筛选,加工成适销对路的产品再推向旅游市场．     

Conspecific Attraction and the Conservation of Territorial Songbirds

Abstract:  Conspecific attraction, the tendency for individuals of a species to settle near one another, is well described in colonial species, especially birds. Although this behavior may occur in territorial birds, evidence has been lacking. If territorial birds do exhibit this behavior, it would have major conservation implications. Birds could potentially be attracted to specific sites with artificial stimuli, making conservation of those species more efficient. In 2001 and 2002, we tested whether conspecific attraction occurs in an endangered, territorial songbird, the Black-capped Vireo ( Vireo atricapilla ) by playing vireo vocalizations in unoccupied habitats at Fort Hood, Texas. We were successful in attracting 73 birds to five experimental sites in 2001 and 75 birds to seven experimental sites in 2002. No birds settled on comparable control sites. Many birds attracted to the vocalizations paired and bred. At most research sites the primary threat to the species, the brood-parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird ( Molothrus ater ), was controlled, allowing vireos to achieve high nesting success relative to a nearby, unmanipulated population. Second-year birds were more responsive to conspecific vocalizations than older birds, as they were more common on experimental sites than in the established population. In 2002 birds recolonized experimental sites from 2001 where vocalizations were not played in 2002, indicating that 1 year of playbacks may be sufficient to establish a population. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that territorial songbirds use the presence of conspecifics when deciding where to settle and suggest that conspecific attraction may provide a valuable conservation tool.     

基于风险矩阵的旅游景区安全风险评估优化方法研究

为解决风险矩阵法在实际使用过程中常面临的因评估者认知局限性、经验不足等原因造成的风险评估结果矛盾甚至错误的问题,本文提出了一种基于风险矩阵的旅游景区风险评估结果优化方法,通过研究景区安全风险可能性和严重性的影响因素,建立相应的评估指标,从而得出景区突发事件可能性和严重度的相对排序,为风险评估结果的修正提供了依据。     

论川南旅游资源的开发

本文对川南旅游开发的导向、人才与资金准备及产业协调等问题进行了探讨，提出了川南旅游资源地域开发的时空模式，建议加强重点景区的资源保护与开发建设，提倡生态旅游