药渣生物炭基质联合麦饭石对土壤-黑麦草体系的调控与机制

以板蓝根药渣为原料,选择300℃和500℃厌氧裂解制备2种生物炭(BC300和BC500)、BC500载Fe改性炭(FeBC500)、天然麦饭石(MFS)、BC500与MFS等质量组合[BC500∶MFS(1∶1)]、Fe-BC500与MFS等质量组合[Fe-BC500∶MFS(1∶1)]材料为钝化剂,采用室内盆栽实验和等温吸附实验,研究了其对土壤-黑麦草体系的调控效果,并通过比表面孔分布测定(BET)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)探讨了其机制.结果表明,在添加量为2%(土)时,BC300、BC500、Fe-BC500、MFS、BC500∶MFS(1∶1)和Fe-BC500∶MFS(1∶1)均可显著降低(P 0. 05)黑麦草体内Cu和Cd含量以及显著增加黑麦草的生物量,且黑麦草的叶绿素含量和根系活力均可指示这一效果. BC300处理抑制黑麦草吸收Cu和Cd,增加黑麦草的生物量的效果要优于其他处理,可使黑麦草地下部分Cu和Cd含量分别减少44. 78%和63. 89%,地上部分分别减少76. 34%和53. 40%;地下部分生物量增加327. 22%,地上部分生物量增加504. 11%. Langmuir方程更好地拟合BC300、BC500和Fe-BC500的吸附效果,且对Cu的最大吸附量分别为8. 02、9. 20和8. 82 mg·g~(-1);对Cd的最大吸附量分别为7. 97、8. 51和7. 70 mg·g~(-1). Freundlich方程能更好地拟合MFS的吸附效果,对Cu和Cd的最大吸附量分别为7. 03 mg·g~(-1)和6. 10 mg·g~(-1). BC300和BC500主要通过其表面羟基、羧基、羰基和酯基,Fe-BC500主要通过其表面羟基和铁羟基,MFS主要通过其中Na Al Si3O8和Al2Si2O5(OH)4表面的硅羟基、羟基和羧基分别与Cu和Cd发生配合反应,进而达到钝化修复Cu和Cd污染土壤的效果.因此,药渣生物炭、铁改性药渣生物炭和麦饭石及其组合材料均可被用于Cu和Cd复合污染土壤修复,但修复机制不同.     

实时定量RT-PCR方法检测雌二醇诱导原代培养青鳉鱼肝细胞的基因表达

利用原代培养的雄性青鳉鱼肝细胞进行了相同雌二醇(E2)浓度(100nmol·L-1)下的不同时间(2、4、6、8d)和相同暴露时间(4d)下的不同浓度(1、10、100、1000、10000nmol·L-1)的雌二醇(E2)实验,采用实时定量RT-PCR方法对青鳉鱼VTG-I、VTG-Ⅱ、CHG-H、CHG-L和ERα的基因表达进行了研究.结果表明,VTG-I、VTG-Ⅱ、CHG-H、CHG-L和ERα的基因表达与E2的暴露浓度呈现很好的剂量-效应关系,且1nmol·L-1E2暴露就能显著诱导肝细胞内VTG-I、VTG-Ⅱ、CHG-H、CHG-L和ERα的基因表达.作为生物监测雌激素活性的invitro方法,实时定量RT-PCR的灵敏度高于其它已经发表的方法.因此,实时定量RT-PCR方法与原代培养青鳉鱼肝细胞相结合的方法在环境雌激素效应的评价上具有很大地应用潜力.     

二氧化氯处理中药废水的氧化特性研究

采用稳定性二氧化氯溶液氧化降解中药废水,运用正交设计方法考察了常温、常压(291～298 K,1.013×10~5Pa)下ClO_2起始浓度([ClO_2]:COD)、pH、氧化反应时间等因素对中药废水处理效果的影响。研究表明,(1)当[ClO_2]:COD在1.0～0.4范围时,COD的平均去除率42%;当[ClO_2]:COD大于1.0或小于0.4时,COD平均去除率仅为27%～35%;(2)pH=2～4时,COD去除率可以达到40%以上,且pH≥10时,COD去除率高达59%;(3)COD去除率随着反应时间的延长而升高,氧化反应30 min左右,COD去除率能达到40%以上,105 min后处理效率达到63%;(4)ClO_2处理中药废水的最佳工艺条件是[ClO_2]:COD为0.7:1,反应pH值6,反应时间75 min。     

探析武术教学对民族传统文化的传承

采用文献资料法、访谈调查法和综合分析法就以武术为媒介传承民族文化精神作出探索并分析,求证武术与传统文化的密切联系,发现了武术教学在传承民族文化时存在被竞技体育形式化,武德教育缺失,良好传统被扭曲等尴尬之处,并指出武术教学改革应重点把握武术基础理论、武德、习武的精神要义、功法原理等,可以利用各种传媒,利用多种特色鲜明的技术内容,利用传统招法名称教学等方法进行民族传统文化的传承。     

Normal ranges of the activities of ten different enzymes in 100 independent preparations of chorionic villi. Comparison of specimens from induced abortions,biopsies, and cultured cells

In order to obtain a large set of normal control values, the activities of three cytosolic enzymes of purine metabolism and seven lysosomal enzymes were determined in homogenates of chorionic villi derived from induced abortions of normal pregnancies (7th–12th week) in about 100 individual cases. Possible reasons for the rather wide ranges of normal distributions of enzyme activities are discussed. The values are compared: (1) with available data in the literature; (2) with activities determined in decidual homogenates prepared from the same samples; (3) with activities of cells of cultures established and grown from villi in the same samples; and (4) with enzyme activities measured in chorionic biopsies using the same methods. Implications for the prenatal diagnosis of the associated metabolic diseases are considered.     

Sustainable Development and Transition of Traditional Retailing Centers in Beijing from Consumers' Perspective

Based on the consumer questionnaires of the three traditional retailing centers,Qianmen,Wangfujing and Xidan in Beijing,this article analyzes the present features of consumer composition in the three retailing centers.What is more,the evolution course and function transition of traditional retailing centers is revealed based on the changing of consumer composition in different times.Lastly,the renewal method and development trends of traditional retailing centers are discussed based on the evaluation results in consumers' perspective.     

稻鱼共生系统生态服务功能价值比较——以浙江省青田县和贵州省从江县为例

石油农业导致生态系统退化与环境受损.人们在寻找新的农业途径时,将目光转向传统农业,开始对传统农耕模式的价值进行挖掘.稻鱼共生是最为典型的中国传统生态农业模式之一,因其历史悠久、景观独特和效益显著而被联合国粮农组织列为首批全球重要农业文化遗产保护试点之一.在数千年的农耕文化演变过程中,同宗的青田县和从江县的传统农业系统,由于受到不同的自然、经济和文化的影响,分别形成了以养鱼为主和以种稻为主的稻鱼共生系统.本文采用市场价值法、造林成本法、替代价格法、大气污染治理成本法和水库工程费用法等,分别对青田县和从江县传统农业区生态系统服务功能的经济进行评估.结果表明,以养鱼为主的青田县直接经济价值比以种稻为主的从江县平均每公顷高近1.70万元,但其闻接价值却比后者低,从江县稻鱼共生系统的气体调节和养分保持价值分别是青田县的1.35和1.59倍.最后,本文提出了提高农民收入的途径,以更好地保护这一具有全球重要意义的农业文化遗产.     

Estimation of the possibility of cladoceran invasion and survival under conditions of competition in mesotrophic Lake Glubokoe

A possibility of introducing alien cladoceran species into the pelagial zone of mesotrophic Lake Glubokoe has been estimated. For this purpose, observations have been performed on the cohorts of alien species (Daphnia magna and Simocephalus exspinosus) and aboriginal species (Daphnia hyalina and Diaphanosoma brachyurum). The results show that competition is a factor preventing the introduction of weak competitors, such as D. magna, but admitting stronger competitors, e.g., S. exspinosus. Competition in the lake may influence not only the species structure of the zooplanktonic community, but also its vertical distribution.     

耕地质量监测中合理样本量配置及不确定性分析——以陕西省宝鸡市为例

耕地质量监测样本量的优化配置对降低成本,实现可持续土地资源监测与利用有重要指导价值。以陕西省宝鸡市为例,采用2018年耕地质量监测数据,运用传统统计学和地统计学方法,探讨耕地质量监测中土壤监测指标的合理样本量及不确定性。研究表明：样本变异性大小与样本量的关系并不是绝对的。样本代表性评价方法和地统计学方法较Cochran方法能有效降低样本的不确定性;样本代表性评价法适用性更广,但研究结果缺乏稳定性;地统计学方法的适用性存在局限性,可降低中等变异性指标的不确定性,但对低、高变异性指标适用性较低。中等变异性指标宜采用地统计学方法确定合理样本量;低、高变异性指标宜采用代表性评价方法确定合理样本量。     

Discrepant karyotypes after second- and third-trimester combined placentacentesis/amniocentesis

Cytogenetic data are presented from a total of 1306 consecutive pregnancies with successful diagnosis obtained from both chorionic villi after short-time culture (CVS-SC) and amniotic fluid cell cultures (AC); samples had been taken simultaneously at combined placentacentesis (placental biopsy) and amniocentesis during the second (92·8 per cent) and third (7·2 per cent) trimesters. Concordant results were obtained in 1218 pregnancies with a normal karyotype and in 62 pregnancies with an aberrant fetal karyotype. Discrepant, i. e. false-positive and false-negative, results were found in 26 cases (2 per cent). From these data the accuracy of CVS-SC, defined as the proportion of all correct diagnoses, is calculated to be 98 per cent. Three non-mosaic and 14 mosaic false-positive results obtained after CVS-SC could not be confirmed by AC. Related to 1235 true normal fetal karyotypes, the specificity of CVS-SC, i.e. the proportion of normal karyotypes correctly diagnosed, amounts to 98·6 per cent. In nine pregnancies, an aberrant fetal karyotype detected after AC was missed by CVS-SC. The sensitivity of CVS-SC, i.e. the proportion of abnormal fetuses correctly diagnosed (62 out of 71), amounts to 87·3 per cent in our study group.