农村摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为调查分析——以山东莒南为例

为探究农村摩托车驾驶员常见的不安全驾驶行为及农村摩托车事故多发的原因,采用问卷调查的方法,从人、车、交通管理等几个角度对我国山东农村地区的480名摩托车驾驶员进行了入户问卷调查.通过SPSS17.0软件对收集的数据进行处理,重点对驾驶员的驾驶行为进行分析,结果显示在403名驾驶员中仅有60(14.9%)人拥有驾照、74...     

城市交通隧道坡度对火灾烟气扩散影响研究

利用大涡模拟方法研究城市交通隧道火灾自然通风下烟气的扩散规律,重点研究隧道的坡度对烟气羽流的影响。研究坡度在0-5%范围内的隧道内烟气层横向以及纵向温度场分布以及火源拱顶处最高温度随时间的变化规律,并与坡度为零的隧道火灾的烟气模拟结果进行比较。研究表明：5%坡度对烟气纵向分布影响较大,尤其在火源下游的上坡方向,烟气层沉降快。坡度使烟气最高温度点火源下游偏移,但最高温度值变化不大。研究结果对于研究城市交通隧道的消防设计以及人员疏散提供参考。     

基于粗神经网络的管制员工作差错风险预警模型

针对空中交通管制员工作差错风险类型,指出指标体系建构过程的动态性特征,从个人、团队、设备、环境及管理几个方面,建构预警指标体系,运用粗糙集在数据挖掘方面的优势,通过基于属性重要度的启发式约简算法,提取关键指标,剔除冗余指标,可以实现在不丢失关键预警监控对象的情况下,结合BP人工神经网络构建实时预警模型,既有利于加快运算速度,又有利于进行重点监控.经过实例仿真,粗糙集与BP网络结合建构的预警模型,能有效针对管制员工作差错风险进行实时预警监控.     

北京市黄标车禁行对市区道路交通噪声的影响分析

利用噪声自动监测系统中33个道路交通站点的数据,分析了北京市实行黄标车禁行措施后道路交通噪声昼、夜间均值的总体变化趋势.在计算夜间噪声下降量的基础上归纳了噪声降幅大的道路等级,进一步分析了噪声改善最大的时间段,并在结论的基础上为决策者提出了相应的建议.     

兵团农五师师部周围主要交通干线噪声污染状况分析

通过对农五师师部周围8条主要交通干线近3年的交通噪声监测与分析,得到各条道路车流量、车速和道路的基本状况,经分析得出,各交通主干道交通压力虽不大,但两侧噪声污染却比较严重,而且污染水平呈逐年上升趋势.     

四川省彭县葛仙山旅游资源的成因分析与开发方式

葛仙山为龙门山脉中段前山一座紧邻川西平原的中山，距成都约６５ｋｍ，山峰海拔１０２０～１６００ｍ，地形险要。有丰富的科学考察型旅游资源和消遣度假型旅游资源。科学考察型旅游资源包括飞来峰构造和飞来峰地貌、第四纪地壳运动、水系变化和喀斯特地貌。彭灌飞来峰群和阿尔卑斯飞来峰群同负盛名，而葛仙山飞来峰为彭灌飞来峰群中逆推距离最远者，碾掩构造的原地系统地层最新，唯有在葛仙山才能了解彭灌飞来峰群形成于新构造运动中的事实。第四纪地壳运动现象明显。水系变化为次生河袭夺了原始顺向河，喀斯特地貌类型众多，形态典型，可准确研究喀斯特发育的起始时间。消遣度假型旅游资源包括林海雪山、药用植物园、奇峰异洞、泉水、佛光和日出、宗教圣地。在开发上应发挥临近成都和资源丰富的优势，发展多种形式、多种内容的观光，吸引１～２日游的游客。种植奇花异草，广泛造林，洞穴内铺路并安装彩灯，修建富有艺术性的配套建筑。     

声子晶体型高速公路声屏障的降噪性能

利用高速公路改扩建工程产生的大量废旧护栏立柱,针对高速公路轮胎-路面主要噪声,建立三种二维气-固型声子晶体声屏障.利用Comsol Multiphysics计算相应的能带结构,并探究带隙的影响因素.结果表明3种形式均可以产生相应的带隙;散射体壁厚大小对于带隙宽度影响很小,但采用空心散射体可以在低频产生一条完全禁带;对散射体进行开口处理可以有效增加低频带隙宽度;当晶格填充率增大至0.5后,随着填充率增大,从高频到低频依次产生完全禁带,且带隙总宽度增大;通过仿真模拟与室内实验相结合的方式验证了声屏障的降噪特性,声屏障在带隙范围内具有良好的降噪性能,相较直立同规格复合板声屏障,低频降噪效果提升1~16dB,高频降噪效果提升1~2dB,但在1600Hz后,声子晶体声屏障降噪效果不及复合板声屏障,降噪效果受周期数影响较大.声子晶体声屏障可实现新型降噪理念与绿色环保的有机结合.     

Assessing the costs and environmental benefits of IMO regulations of ship-originated SOx and NOx emissions in the Baltic Sea

To assess the value of the environmental benefits of the Sulphur Emission regulation (SECA) that came into force in 2015, changes in depositions of SOx and NOx from ship exhaust gas emissions were modelled and monetized for the Baltic Sea region for the years 2014 and 2016. During this period, the total deposition of SOx in the study area decreased by 7.3%. The decrease in ship-originated SOx deposition from 38 kt to 3.4 kt (by over 88%) was translated into a monetary value for the ecosystem impacts of nearly 130 million USD, according to the EcoValue08 model. This is less than the modelled health benefits, but it is not insignificant. For NOx, there was no decreasing trend. The exceedance of the critical loads of SOx and NOx was also estimated. The effect of Baltic shipping on the exceedance of critical loads of acidification after SECA is very small, but Baltic shipping still has a considerable effect on the exceedance of critical loads for eutrophication.     

中学生交通安全知识、态度、行为调查分析

为改善中学生交通安全现状,提高中学生交通安全教育水平,进行中学生交通安全知识、态度、行为(简称知信行,KAP)调查研究。对临沂市、滨州市中学生进行问卷调查,了解受调查中学生交通事故历史及交通安全教育接受情况。分析各年级中学生交通安全知信行差异,分析知信行的相关性以及教育对知信行的影响。研究发现:不同地区、年级的中学生在交通安全知信行上存在显著差异;中学生自行车交通出行是交通安全的共同问题;中学生交通行为与交通安全知识相关性强,行为与安全态度相关性弱,为改善中学生交通行为应加强交通安全知识教育;学生交通安全知信行与当前交通安全教育相关性低,教育形式和特点仍较为传统,教育对知信行改善作用有限。因此,在进行交通安全教育时,应考虑中学生中存在的差异,通过初步调查确定重点人群和显著问题进行针对性教育;内容应以安全知识为主,应强调自行车安全知识,形式和特点应适应当代中学生需要。     

Trends in motor vehicle crash mortality in Europe, 1980-2007

Recent trends (1980-2007) in mortality from road traffic crashes in European countries, and, for comparative purposes, in the USA and Japan were reviewed. Data came from the World Health Organisation database. Age-standardised rates, at all ages and at 15-24, 25-64, ?65 years, were computed. Joinpoint regression analyses to evaluate significant changes in trends were performed. In the European Union as a whole rates declined from 20.2 in 1987 to 13.5/100,000 in 2007 in men, and from 6.3 to 3.7/100,000 in women; European Union rates remained lower than USA, but higher than Japanese ones. In 2007, the highest male rates were in Lithuania (36.7/100,000), the Russian Federation (35.2), Ukraine (29.8), and Latvia (28.5), and the lowest ones in the Netherlands (6.2) and Sweden (6.9); the highest female rates were in the Russian Federation (11.3), Lithuania (9.7), Belarus, Latvia, and Ukraine (around 8), and the lowest ones in Switzerland (1.7), the UK, and Nordic countries (around 2). Mortality from motor vehicle crashes declined in northern and western European countries and - though to a lesser extent - in southern European countries, too. Mortality trends were also favourable in the Czech Republic and Poland since the mid 1990’s, whereas they were still upwards in Romania and the Russian Federation. No trend was observed in Hungary and Ukraine. Trends were consistent in various age groups considered. Thus, additional urgent and integrated intervention is required to prevent avoidable deaths from motor vehicle crashes, particularly in selected central and eastern European countries.