水泥基压电传感器在交通量监测中的应用:(1)基本特性(英文)

交通量监测在公路管理养护系统中有着重要的作用。为此,一种用于监测交通量的新型水泥基压电传感器得以开发研制。该传感器能够响应由于车辆所引起的冲击荷载,而且具有耐久性好、价格低廉及全天候运行等优点。本文介绍了该传感器的制作及其基本性质。并将两个水泥基压电传感器埋置于一段混凝土梁中,以该梁作为埋入路面以下的传感单元。对该梁的测试实验表明,埋入混凝土梁的水泥基压电传感的性能没有发生变化,仍可以正确地反应各类冲击荷载。由此可见,该水泥基压电传感器对交通量的监测应用中是行之有效的。     

城市排水系统在水污染防治中的作用

本文介绍了城市排水系统的组成、分类和功能,通过介绍目前国内外城市的排水体制,对比了合流制和分流制的优缺点,并重点对雨污分流排水系统存在的问题、改造措施以及雨污分流效益分析进行了详细的介绍,最后指出城市排水系统在水污染防治中的作用和发展前景。     

上海城区交通干道苯系物污染初探

利用设置在上海市中心城区交通主干道旁的路边空气质量自动监测站2018年1—12月的连续观测数据,研究苯系物(BTEX)污染水平、变化特征以及其与CO、NO x和气象参数的关系。结果表明,观测期间BTEX小时均值为0.10~169.38μg/m^3,年均值为(13.66±0.14)μg/m^3,甲苯占比最高。ρ(BTEX)受污染源排放强度和天气状况的影响大,其日变化呈单谷型,冬季值比夏季高。BTEX各化合物具有较好的同源性,ρ(苯)/ρ(甲苯)为(0.49±0.01)。BTEX与机动车尾气主要成分CO、NOx呈正相关,与风速负相关。其值低于北京、南京、郑州、杭州和西安等城市。     

北京市乘务管理员安全胜任特征模型构建研究

为探究北京市乘务管理员安全胜任特征,基于已有胜任特征模型,通过查阅文献、分析乘务管理员职责、结构式访谈等方式获得乘务管理员安全胜任特征。在此基础上设计调查问卷并大规模发放,建立北京市乘务管理员安全胜任特征模型,利用结构方程模型验证乘务管理员安全胜任特征模型的有效性。研究结果表明:模型分为总体胜任力层次、公共因子层次、具体胜任特征层次。模型信度较高且数据与模型拟合较好,证明乘务管理员安全胜任特征在专业能力、安全素质、应变能力、发展潜力4个方面的相关程度最高。     

Diurnal variation of number concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles in the urban atmosphere of Beijing in winter

Number concentration and distribution of airborne particles in the size range 5.6 to 560 um diameter were measured in Beijing for a 15-d period in winter 2005.Daily average number concentrations of nucleation mode(5.6-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm), and accumulation mode(100-560 nm)particles,and total particles were 17500,32000,4000,and 53500 cm~(-3),respectively.Average particle size distribution was monomodal with a mode diameter of about 40 um at night and bimodal with mode diameters of about 10 and about 40 nm during the daytime.New particle formation events,which were connected to diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles,were observed in more than half of the observation days.The events often started around 10:00-11:00 Chinese Standard Time (CST)and ended up after 3-4 h.Concentrations of Aitken and accumulation mode particles increased from midnight and reached their maxima at about 10:00 CST,and then decreased and became the lowest in the afternoon.Analysis of diurnal cycles in traffic volume and meteorological parameters revealed that the accumulation of the particles in Aitken and accumulation modes in the morning was influenced by formation of an inversion and increase in vehicle emission,and dispersion of such particles in the afternoon was associated with more effective vertical mixing and higher wind speed.     

高速公路转换区严重冲突识别与分析

为深入探究高速公路改扩建转换区发生严重冲突的原因,使用高精度雷达采集单车实时状态数据,对单车区间初速度与加速度进行K-means聚类组合.基于聚类组合内的冲突率与路段事故率,采用Pearson系数法确定车辆的严重冲突阈值.融合转换区单车、交通流和道路因素建立二项Logistic模型,分析严重冲突因素的影响程度.结果表明...     

北京市排污结构现状分析与对策研究

近年来,由于经济的迅速发展,北京地区水污染日趋严重,降低了水资源的使用价值,使本已严峻缺水的形势进一步恶化,极大地制约着首都社会经济及城市的发展。本文以１９９１年为报告期,采用污水直接排放系统、污水完全排放系数、ＣＯＤ直接排放系数、ＣＯＤ完全排放系数等指标对本市行业排污结构的现状进行了全面的分析和讨论,提出了相应的对策与建议,为改善本市水环境状况,缓解水资源短缺的压力,协调本市水环境与经济发展的关     

北京市汽车污染分担率的研究

本文首先明确了汽车道路污染分担率和汽车区域污染分担率两个不同的概念,介绍了汽车区域污染分担率的计算方法。计算结果表明北京市三环内汽车区域污染分担率冬季CO为14.3％,NO_x为32.2％,THC为46.0％,秋季CO为58.4％,NO_x为68.7％,THC为86.6％。北京市汽车道路污染分担率(路中)冬季CO为65.7％,NO_x为71.6％,THC为37.6％;秋季CO为58.8％,NO_x为75.5％,THC为67.5％。     

Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution from 1989 to 2003 in Lanzhou City

On the basis of the continuous traffic noise data observed at 142 sites distributed in 52 roads from 1989 to 2003, the characteristics of traffic noise and effect factors were analyzed through traffic noise indices, such as Lep, L10, L50, L90, TNI, and Pn. Our findings allow us to reach a number of conclusions as follows: Firstly, traffic noise pollution was serious, and its fluctuant characteristic was obvious, resulting in a great intrusion to public in Lanzhou City during last 15 years. Secondly, traffic noise made a distinction between trunk lines and secondary lines, west-east direction roads and north-south direction roads. Thirdly, spatial character and time rule of traffic noise were obvious. In addition, traffic volume, traffic composition, road condition, and traffic management were identified as the key factors influencing traffic noise in this city.     

基于多标准和改进Siamese网络的相似航班号判断方法研究

为了合理区分和有效识别不同航班号,首先提出基于多标准的判断准则,使用主成分分析法量化得到统一的相似度;其次建立改进的Siamese网络模型,获得文本的语义信息;最后采用文本之间的Jaro-Winkler距离客观修正网络对比损失函数,综合网络输出判定2个航班号的相似情况。研究结果表明：多标准准则判定方法速度快且通用性强,改进后的Siamese网络虽受到训练样本的直接影响,但收敛速度明显提高,识别率比原网络平均提高约2.7%,比多标准判断准则提高约3%。研究结果可为相似航班号识别与预警提供理论依据。