大连市交通噪声环境质量二级模糊综合评价

采用基于模糊数学的综合二级评判方法评价大连10条城市道路交通环境噪声污染程度。结果表明,受交通噪声冲击影响最大的是西安路大连商业城居民小区路段,影响最小的是如意街大连商业城居民小区路段,与实际调查结果基本一致,体现了该评价方法的合理性和科学性。     

城市居住小区交通噪声的空间分布特征

根据实测所得交通流量和车型分布,采用预测为主、实测为辅的方法对典型居住小区进行了交通噪声预测与评价。对小区交通噪声的空间分布作了详细的分析,发现临街住宅交通噪声超标严重。另外,敏感点在建筑物中的朝向和楼层对交通噪声影响较大。上述空间分布规律对小区交通噪声评价与防治具有指导意义。     

蒋家沟下游泥石流导流堤冲决原因及防治对策

河床逐渐淤高,主沟槽流势变化及泥石流规模是1999年9月蒋家沟下游泥石流导流堤溃决主要原因,在分析研究基础上提出相应防治对策。     

基于HRV量化的高速公路出口匝道区域驾驶负荷特性研究

为提高高速公路主线出口匝道区域的行车安全性,基于HRV指标量化分析该区域的驾驶负荷特性和影响因素.分析了交通标志设计方案对主线出口匝道区域交通安全影响特性.采用HRV指标对驾驶负荷进行量化分析,同时采用不同信息量的交通标志对驾驶负荷进行定量加载,以汉十高速公路沿线匝道区为场景,设计并开展了主线出口匝道区域驾驶负荷的实车道路试验,采集不同试验场景下多个驾驶人的生理指标和驾驶特性.结果表明,交通标志信息量可以作为认知负荷加载的方式.从2 km到500m到出口位置的预告标志,表征驾驶负荷的HRV指标呈先下降后上升的趋势.驾驶人在通过主线出口匝道区域不同路段时的行驶车速的变化趋势与驾驶负荷强度的变化趋势具有较好的一致性.     

The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric PM2.5, PM10 and PAH in Venice

The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric levels of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5, PM₁₀) and fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been estimated in the urban area of Venice. Data analysis has been performed on results collected at three sites over the summer, when ship traffic is at a maximum. Results indicate that monitoring of the PM daily concentrations is not sufficiently detailed for the evaluation of this contribution, even though it could be useful for specific markers such as PAHs. Therefore a new methodology, based on high temporal resolution measurements coupled with wind direction information and the database of ship passages of the Harbour Authority of Venice has been developed. The sampling sites were monitored with optical detectors (DustTrack^® and Mie pDR-1200) operating at a high temporal resolution (20s and 1s respectively) for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. PAH in the particulate and gas phases were recovered from quartz fibre filters and polyurethane foam plugs using pressurised solvent extraction, the extracts were then analysed by gas chromatography- high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results shows that the direct contribution of ships traffic to PAHs in the gas phase is 10% while the contribution to PM_2.5 and to PM₁₀ is from 1% up to 8%.     

Human urine as a source of alternative natural fertilizer in agriculture: A flight of fancy or an achievable reality

Organically agricultural products are gaining popularities through out the world as it gives the consumer satisfaction with a basket of safer and better trusted foods. It is also well established that intensive conventional agricultural practices can introduce contaminants into the food chain with adverse affect on environment. However, organic agricultural practices give an alternative environmental friendly sustainable agriculture among the farmers. Beside this fact, organic crops contain fewer nitrates, nitrites, pesticide residues and trace elements than conventional crops. Even though, in organic systems generally have 20% lower yields than conventionally produced crops. One of the major constrains of organic farming is decrease of raw organic matters to prepare compost. Therefore, scientists are looking forward for different organic sources which are plenty in nature and available at little-to-no cost. Human urine is one of them, and has been gaining popularities as a raw material for organic cultivation. However, several important merits and demerits of application of human urine are needed to be addressed in agriculture.     

秦皇岛海域溢油事故分析研究

通过对秦皇岛海域溢油污染事故进行分析,运用溢油风险评估的理论,对秦皇岛水域海上溢油风险作出了评估,以期当出现溢油事故时损失减小到最低。     

道路交通噪声自动监测中最少监测时间研究

以城市主干线为例,对长期道路交通噪声自动监测数据进行统计分析,得出道路交通噪声实施噪声自动监测时应采用的小时最少监测时间、日昼夜最少监测小时、季最少监测天数和年最少监测天数。     

低噪声路面降噪效果研究

通过对公路交通噪声特征,低噪声路面的特点、结构、降噪机理及国内外研究现状的分析,对宁杭高速二期工程低噪声路面与普通路面噪声监测结果进行对比分析,确认低噪声沥青路面具有比较明显的降噪效果,路肩处噪声可降低3～4 dB(A),路外15 m处可降低1.1～3.5 dB(A).     

基于图解法的城市干道信号协调控制设计

针对淮安市淮海南路现行交通信号控制系统存在交通拥挤、停车次数多、运行车速慢等问题,提出交通信号协调控制方式。应用Webster法对各进口道进行重新配时,然后进行各交叉口的信号协调控制方案设定,再用图解法求得各交叉口信号相位差,最后通过vissim仿真。通过研究得到以下结论:干道信号协调控制方案在交通延误、停车次数、运行车速等指标方面比现行的信号控制方案优越。