节水知识、意识和行为的现状评估及系统分析——以北京市中学生为例

节约用水是缓解水资源紧缺的有效途径,涉及社会心理层面认知、意愿的复杂状态。设计问卷对312名北京市中学生的节水知识、意识和行为进行现状评估,系统分析三者相互关系,为推行更为有效的节水管理措施提供支持。结果显示,节水知识、意识和行为问卷的信度指标(Cronbach’sα)值分别为0.82、0.77和0.84。中学生群体缺乏对节水的精确定量认知,难以判别用水的合理程度;电视是当前的主要知识来源。水资源的稀缺性被广泛认同,中学生群体具有一定的敏感度和节水责任感,能够感知水资源条件的变化;但缺乏深入理解,尤其存在"口号化"的倾向。中学生群体在节水行为方面有待改进。通过改变自身用水方式达到节水目的的行为发生频次超过半数,而改变他人用水方式的人际行为发生率较低。节水意识显著影响节水行为,节水知识对节水意识的影响不具统计意义。节水知识除直接影响节水行为外,还通过节水意识的中介效应影响节水行为,两者效果比例大约9∶1。     

大连市海岛环境意识调查与环境教育对策研究

对大连市长兴岛、大长山岛部分学生进行海岛生态安全环境意识问卷调查,通过定性与定量分析(主成分分析),了解当前海岛生态环境现状及居民环境意识、环境行为和环境意愿,为海岛可持续发展与学校环境教育研究提供重要的理论基础。希望这次问卷调查能为将来环境教育的实施提供一定的理论依据,同时也影响、改善学生的环境行为,促进环境行为和环境意识的协调发展,为提高学生的环境素养和探寻合理的环境教育模式提出建议。     

The species awareness index as a conservation culturomics metric for public biodiversity awareness

Although threats to global biodiversity are well known, slowing current rates of biodiversity loss remains a challenge. The Aichi targets set out 20 goals on which the international community should act to alleviate biodiversity decline, 1 of which (Target 1) aims to raise public awareness of the importance of biodiversity. Although conventional indicators for Target 1 are of low spatial and temporal coverage, conservation culturomics metrics show how biodiversity awareness can be quantified at the global scale. Following methods used for the Living Planet Index, we devised a species awareness index (SAI) to measure change in species awareness based on Wikipedia views. We calculated this index at the page level for 41,197 species listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) across 10 Wikipedia languages and >2 billion views from 1 July 2015 to 30 March 2020. Bootstrapped indices for the page-level SAI showed that overall awareness of biodiversity increased marginally over time, although there were differences among taxonomic classes and languages. Among taxonomic classes, overall awareness increased fastest for reptiles and slowest for amphibians. Among languages, overall species awareness increased fastest for Japanese and slowest for Chinese and German users. Although awareness of species as a whole increased and was significantly higher for traded species, from January 2016 through January 2020, change in awareness appeared not to be strongly related to whether the species is traded or is a pollinator. As a data source for public biodiversity awareness, the SAI could be integrated into the Conservation International Biodiversity Engagement Indicator.