石油建设施工中的安全管理与培训

在石油建设施工这个高危行业中,安全问题涉及工程项目的各个环节,其事故的发生主要与安全管理和个人的安全意识息息相关。本文以油田工程项目各个阶段的生产特征为依据,根据相关事故的调查,系统地介绍了石油建设施工中如何加强安全管理和培训工作。     

Recent developments in young driver education, training and licensing in Australia

Australian young driver education and training approaches have differed from the mandatory school-based programs found internationally; generally comprising voluntary programs conducted outside of licensing. This paper reports on recent developments pertaining to the pre-learner, learner, and provisional license stages. Given its important context, state-based graduated driver licensing systems are also reviewed. There has been a shift toward starting driver education younger (pre-learner), greater involvement of parents, and more school-based programs; many now conducted by licensing authorities. The majority of initiatives are yet to be evaluated, particularly relative to crash outcomes; however, some studies suggest other positive outcomes, including increased supervised practice and delayed licensure. Furthermore, the federal government is proceeding with plans for a national license-based program. Several jurisdictions have also announced the introduction of passenger and nighttime restrictions on provisional licenses. Together these initiatives offer promise of reductions in young driver-related fatalities and injuries in the very near future.     

加强建筑工人安全培训的构想

分析国内建筑工人安全培训的现状,指出导致建筑工人安全意识和技能差是接受安全培训少。为了减少事故率,必须加强建筑工人的安全培训。借鉴并发展了香港特区实行的建筑工人"绿卡制度",提出在我国内地实施建筑工人注册绿卡制度,及实施构想,即以注册绿卡为核心,现有的安全培训机构承担该培训任务,安监部门对其监管与工作指导,建设安全机构检查与督促建筑施工单位雇用有绿卡的建筑工人,对建筑公司实行规范安全培训及违者重罚的构想。对具体培训措施,如建筑工人的工地属地化管理,考培分离,建立全国建筑工人绿卡管理信息系统,培训经费来源等也进行了探讨。     

石化企业HSE培训实践与工作方向

结合大港石化公司HSE培训实践,探讨了HSE培训工作的重点及发展方向。     

高职院校青年教师师德建设现状探析

教师对教育的贡献,不仅表现为传道授业解惑,更在于"为人师表"的职业道德。以中国环境管理干部学院为例,分析高职院校师德建设在一定程度上存在着诸如:师表意识淡薄、行为规范不严、敬业精神不足和治学不严谨等问题,提出高职院校可以从完善制度建设、完善师德考评机制、加强自身建设等方面加强青年教师师德建设。     

基于LEC法的煤矿安全投资决策

利用基于作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)的综合评分决策法,对煤矿安全培训、通风除尘设施投资的合理性进行评价,分析了系数的取值过程并得到综合评分决策的合理度值.结果表明,基于LEC的综合评分决策法对煤矿安全投资合理度进行分析决策,具有直观、量化的优点,在一定程度上解决了安全投资规模难以把握的难题,可以对煤矿企业的安全投资提供合理化建议,便于管理者决策.     

安全工程专业课程体系优化研究

基于安徽理工大学安全工程专业课程体系,提出"2+2"培养模式下"安全技术与管理"方向课程体系存在的问题及其原因,包括课程内容的重复性,课程设置未突出特性培养和课程设置未突出时代性等。提出从按照全国工程教育专业认证指导思想整改,避免课程知识体系过多重复,通才教育的基础上突出自身专业特点以及按照国家的方针政策来指引方向等四个方面阐述了解决课程体系存在的相关问题,优化课程体系,来体现安全工程专业人才培养的国际性、科学性、市场性和全面性等特点。     

基于X3D技术的化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统

从消防部门处置化学灾害事故训练需求出发,采用基于Web的虚拟现实和智能组卷技术,设计并实现了一种化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统。按照化学危险品在储存、运输、生产环节中发生泄漏、燃烧和爆炸等事故类型进行分类,提供了危险源理化性质、事故特点及危害性分析、灭火救援行动措施等知识的在线学习和考试功能。在技术实现方面,采用互联网Web3D标准X3D技术,以三维方式模拟事故场景和表现知识内容,为用户提供了一个网络化、沉浸式的三维互动学习模式和环境。系统的设计和实现为化学灾害事故处置培训工作网络化、培训内容系统化、表现形式多样化提供了一种新的思路。     

Prevalence-adjusted optimisation of fuzzy models for species distribution

Most performance criteria which have been applied to train ecological models focus on the accuracy of the model predictions. However, these criteria depend on the prevalence of the training set and often do not take into account ecological issues such as the distinction between omission and commission errors. Moreover, a previous study indicated that model training based on different performance criteria results in different optimised models. Therefore, model developers should train models based on different performance criteria and select the most appropriate model depending on the modelling objective. This paper presents a new approach to train fuzzy models based on an adjustable performance criterion, called the adjusted average deviation (aAD). This criterion was applied to develop a species distribution model for spawning grayling in the Aare River near Thun, Switzerland. To analyse the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, it was compared to model training based on other performance criteria. The results suggest that model training based on accuracy-based performance criteria may produce unrealistic models at extreme prevalences of the training set, whereas the aAD allows for the identification of more accurate and more reliable models. Moreover, the adjustable parameter in this criterion enables modellers to situate the optimised models in the search space and thus provides an indication of the ecological model relevance. Consequently, it may support modellers and river managers in the decision making process by improving model reliability and insight into the modelling process. Due to the universality and the flexibility of the approach, it could be applied to any other ecosystem or species, and may therefore be valuable to ecological modelling and ecosystem management in general.     

基于Vega的灭火救援视景仿真研究

Vega是目前流行的虚拟现实应用程序开发环境,与Vega环境相关的应用程序还有三维建模工具Creator和人物仿真软件DI-GUY.在基于虚拟现实技术的灭火救援模拟训练系统中,救援场景的视景仿真是其重要组成部分.本文分析了基于Vega的软件平台开发灭火救援视景仿真系统的可行性,论述了在开发仿真系统过程中的一些关键技术,包括数据处理流程、三维建模、Vega软件的二次开发等.结论表明,利用Vega技术开发灭火救援视景仿真系统的方法是切实可行的.