Analysis on the environmental problems accompanying the high-speed urbanization of small towns in China

The environmental problems accompanying the rapid urbanization of many small towns like Keqiao,Shaoxing County of China and their countermeasures are presented.To settle these problems rationally as well as effectively will not only conduce to boost the environmental quality and life quality of cities,but also help to promote the development of regional economy and the realization of sustainable development.     

中国特色小镇的空间分布及其产业特征

以中国前两批特色小镇为例,综合利用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、不均衡指数、核密度、地理联系率等空间分析方法,分析特色小镇的空间分布规律,在此基础上提出特色小镇的产业特征及其开发建议。结果显示：中国特色小镇在分布上具有“总体集聚、依托经济、沿线、围城、靠景”的特征。从空间分布类型看,特色小镇主要分布在东部地区,人口分界线的东南部,大体上呈现出集聚分布的态势;从空间分布均衡性上看,特色小镇在空间分布上呈现非均衡特征,且集中度较高;从空间分布密度上看,中国特色小镇呈现出东多西少、南多北少、东南多西北少的空间分布格局,总体上形成五大集聚区,分别为环渤海集聚区、长三角集聚区、东南沿海集聚区、西南成渝集聚区、中原集聚区。当前特色小镇的空间分布是政策主导下区域经济、区位交通、核心城市、旅游资源等因素综合作用的结果。前两批特色小镇主要以农业主导型与工业主导型为主,产业特色有待进一步提升。根据分析结果,从尊重规律、政策导向、产业引领、要素配套等方面提出未来特色小镇的开发建议。     

粮食粉尘爆炸及防治技术的研究进展

粮食加工、运输过程中产生的粉尘不但对健康和环境造成巨大危害,也会损坏机械设备,更为重要的是粉尘爆炸成为粮食加工储运企业的安全隐患,危及着人类的生命和生产的安全.本文对粮食粉尘的爆炸过程、特点及爆炸条件进行了分析,并以此阐明了粮食粉尘爆炸控制的指导思想,在实际中应采用综合措施,做到防治结合,以防为主,具体可分为惰化、控制粉尘浓度、防止产生点火源的预防措施和泄爆、爆炸遏制、隔爆防护措施两大类;同时对粮食粉尘爆炸的防治技术及粮食中转筒仓防尘防爆技术的进展进行了讨论.     

玉溪市小城镇建设环境的问题

发展小城镇建设是一条适合我国国情的城市化道路，玉溪市小城镇建设的环境问题，是缺乏环境规划和环保能力薄弱，生活污染严重，乡镇企业布局分散，村镇建设与周围环境亲和性差。为此，应编制小城镇环境规划，加强与环境质量有关的基础设施建设和小城镇环保机构建设，解决认识上存在的问题，调整产业结构，树立可持续发展观念。     

北京城市去煤炭化过程及其驱动因素解析

去煤炭化既是能源转型的重要路径,也是能源转型的主要结果。经过20多年的努力,北京市煤炭消费量得到有效控制。系统分析北京市1995—2017年煤炭消费动态变化过程,并利用LMDI方法对2005—2017年的煤炭消费进行分解。结果表明：（1）研究期内北京市煤炭消费相对量（能源结构中的占比）持续下降,绝对量自2005年开始下降,2017年仅有350.5万tce,降幅为83.8%,去煤炭化效果显著。（2）影响因素方面,除经济规模效应外,能源结构、能耗强度与经济结构等因素变化对煤炭消费增长均有抑制作用。在去煤炭化前期经济结构调整贡献较大,后期主要由能源结构改善驱动。（3）分行业而言,电力、热力部门燃煤效率提高、煤改电、煤改气策略实施以及重工业外迁,是实现煤炭消费量削减的关键因素。（4）北京市去煤炭化过程虽对我国其他城市有一定参考作用,但因其自身具有特殊性,较难复制到其他地区。     

基于主成分分析的上海春季近地面臭氧污染区域性特征研究

为研究上海春季近地面臭氧污染的区域性特征,对长三角地区55个城市国控站点及上海市54个城市监测站点2016年5月的臭氧监测网络数据进行主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA),并将分析结果与气象条件进行综合分析,结果表明,主成分分析在不同的空间尺度下可以解析出行为模式不同的臭氧生成及传输来源主成分,且在较大的空间尺度下可以解析出区域背景臭氧浓度.长三角地区春季区域臭氧特征复杂,存在9个主成分,第一主成分所能解释的背景臭氧浓度在68.8～154.7μg·m~(-3)之间,而上海市主成分解析结果较为集中,仅能解析出两个主成分,且第一主成分即可解释90.5%的臭氧.对比同时段长三角及上海市主成分分析解析结果,上海市春季臭氧污染主要受到来自海洋的东南风影响,高浓度臭氧污染的本地生成贡献显著.     

Reflexive capacity in local networks for sustainable development: integrating conflict and understanding into a multi-level perspective Transition Framework

ABSTRACT

One core element of reflexive governance is the reflexive capacity-building of actors involved in governance networks. A wider range of actors have to be empowered to understand and improve governance arrangements in order to create second-order reflexivity. As a contribution to this challenge, a heuristic framework is developed from two complementary approaches to reflexive governance: the multi-level perspective (MLP) and the conflict-orientated understanding (COU) approach. The new framework is applied to two case studies – water management and long-term climate adaptation – where it has helped to develop a participatory process to analyse and reflect on local networks and multi-stakeholder arenas. The two contrasting processes are analysed and their contribution to reflexive capacity building is assessed. Building on the findings, further advancements of MLP, COU, and the concept of reflexive governance are recommended.     

Reflexive governance: exploring the concept and assessing its critical potential for sustainable development. Introduction to the special issue

ABSTRACT

Elaborated in publications on transition management, sustainability governance and deliberative environmental governance, ‘reflexive governance’ addresses concerns about social-ecological vulnerabilities, flawed conceptualisations of human-nature relations fragmented governance regimes and conditions for a sustainability transition. Key barriers to reflexive government include unavoidable politics; the influence of broader discursive systems that shape actors’ strategic interests; and structural and deliberate limitations to the range of admitted epistemological understandings, normative perspectives and material practices. Against this background, the contributions to the special issue provide novel conceptual linkages between reflexive governance and boundary objects, intercultural dialogue, conflict management heuristics, discourse linguistics, theories of the policy cycle and reflexive law, network and learning theories, and Lasswell’s ‘developmental constructs’. Based on the contributions, we identify five inherent conceptual tensions of reflexive governance: between the openness of horizontal learning processes and the desired direction towards sustainable development; between reflexive governance as a normative or procedural concept; between expected learning orientations and other, strategic orientations; between governance as a precondition for reflexivity and reflexive learning as a precondition for reorganized governance structures; and between reflexivity as an open-ended, evolutionary process and the need to strategically defend the space for reflexivity against powerful groups with an interest in the status quo.     

基于ESDA的省域空气污染空间特征研究

运用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)方法,对中国31个省份的空气质量指数和PM2.5进行了空间分布和时空演化分析,结果显示,中国省域空气综合污染存在较强的空间自相关性,可对相邻区域空气质量造成影响.PM2.5污染与空气综合污染的空间相关趋势保持了高度的一致性,体现主导污染物的地位.辽宁与华北省份北京、天津、河北、山东,以及部分华中省份河南、湖北及江苏形成了较为稳定的高污染集聚区,较轻污染的集聚大多分布在西部、西南和东南沿海区域.基于空间特征的污染治理措施,可实现功效发挥的最大化.     

空间碎片超高速碰撞的数值方法研究

应用非线性动力学数值仿真软件AUTODYN-2D对空间碎片的超高速碰撞问题进行模拟,研究不同数值计算方法和材料模型的适用范围,空间碎片形状对碎片云的影响,冲击相变等问题。结果表明,在研究超高速碰撞中普遍采用的SPH方法可以很好地模拟碎片云的情况,但是难以对冲击相变问题进行模拟,而采用侵蚀模型的拉格朗日方法可较好地反映冲击相变现象。Tilloston状态方程适用于描述冲击相变问题,包括汽化问题。Johnson-Cook强度模型用来对应变硬化、应变率硬化以及熔化等问题进行模拟。因此,在当速度足以使材料发生相变时,Tilloston状态方程和Johnson-Cook强度模型是比较好的选择。