居民生活垃圾及生活污水产生量的影响因素通径分析

通过构建多元通径分析模型,定量分析中国各地区人口总数、生产总值、居民消费水平和生活供水用水量对生活垃圾清运量和生活污水排放量的直接影响和间接影响。结果表明各地区的生产总值对生活垃圾清运量的直接影响最大。生活用水供水量也对生活垃圾的清运量有一定的直接影响,居民消费水平和人口总数几乎没有直接影响。人口总数对垃圾清运量的间接影响最大,居民生活用水供水量、居民消费水平、地区生产总值对于垃圾清运量都具有不同程度的间接影响。生活用水供水量对生活污水排放量影响最大,地区生产总值和居民消费水平对生活污水排放量也有一定的直接影响,而人口总数几乎没有直接影响。人口总数对生活污水排放量的间接影响最大,其次是地区生产总值、居民消费水平和生活用水供水量对污水排放量也有间接影响。     

基于主成分分析的矿区地下水水质评价

采用多元统计主成分分析方法对焦作矿区9个地下水样的6个水质指标进行了分析计算,结果表明:从原始数据中提取占总方差84.809%的3个因子来反映该矿区地下水的污染程度,大部分水质总体较好,经轻度处理后还可以作为生活饮用水或工业用水利用.     

Response to displaced neighbours in a territorial songbird with a large repertoire

Neighbour recognition allows territory owners to modulate their territorial response according to the threat posed by each neighbour and thus to reduce the costs associated with territorial defence. Individual acoustic recognition of neighbours has been shown in numerous bird species, but few of them had a large repertoire. Here, we tested individual vocal recognition in a songbird with a large repertoire, the skylark Alauda arvensis. We first examined the physical basis for recognition in the song, and we then experimentally tested recognition by playing back songs of adjacent neighbours and strangers. Males showed a lower territorial response to adjacent neighbours than to strangers when we broadcast songs from the shared boundary. However, when we broadcast songs from the opposite boundary, males showed a similar response to neighbours and strangers, indicating a spatial categorisation of adjacent neighbours’ songs. Acoustic analyses revealed that males could potentially use the syntactical arrangement of syllables in sequences to identify the songs of their neighbours. Neighbour interactions in skylarks are thus subtle relationships that can be modulated according to the spatial position of each neighbour.     

腈纶生产叉车作业区的作业条件危险性分析

运用作业条件危险性分析法对腈纶生产叉车作业区域危险性进行分析,根据分析结果,采取相应安全对策,降低作业区域危险程度,并进一步给出建议,以确保叉车作业安全。     

Collaborative networks and new ways of knowing

To move beyond legal and regulatory gridlock around water issues in the California Bay-Delta, a new inter-agency initiative, commonly known as CALFED, was created in 1994. CALFED has been an ongoing experiment in policy innovation. Part of the change in management practice has involved constructing new arenas that engage multiple perspectives and transform regulatory impasse into provisional steps forward. We examine the construction of so-called boundary objects, which are forums and policy instruments that cross group boundaries and foster integrative deliberation. We compare the design and action of two boundary objects created by CALFED, namely the Environmental Water Account (EWA) and the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) program. We find that the presence of the boundary object, in itself, does little to explain the success of each policy experiment. Rather, the answer lies in the types of network interactions that result, along with the way meaning is coproduced. In fact, rather than create new patterns of interrelationship (e.g., between fish habitat advocates and pump station operators), the boundary object might further embed institutionalized routines. To more deeply understand what makes the new institution an integrative one, we introduce the concept of Ways of Knowing which explains how new knowledge emerges from the network of new relationships.     

焦炭塔现场操作的危险原因分析和解决措施

根据具体的事故案例,对焦炭塔现场操作过程存在的各种危险进行了原因分析,提出要从完善仪表控制、加强操作工培训、改善操作条件、进行技术动改及不断完善操作规程和各类制度等方面入手,切实做好各类基础工作,才能消除危险,保障安全。     

小城镇污水处理厂升级改造技术分析

随着城镇化进程加快,经济快速发展的同时严重的环境污染问题随之出现,主要表现在小城镇污水处理率较低,各地区发展不平衡等方面。因此对小城镇的污水处理厂的升级改造势在必行。根据小城镇工业污水的特征及处理要求,提出了几种易于在小城镇推广的经济、高效、节能和简便易行的污水处理改造工艺。针对江阴市小城镇污水集中处理水质特点及工艺的进行研究,根据新的排放标准,提出与改造相应的技术组合思考,达到进一步改善小城镇污水处理效率的目的。     

阳澄湖水源地健康风险评价及污染源分析

介绍饮用水水源受到重金属污染所致的健康危害的风险度计算模型,并应用于阳澄湖水源地饮水途径健康风险评价。在此基础上,选择阳澄西湖的下湖湾为研究对象,又进一步进行水源地重金属的来源分析,分别计算出重金属污染物经由河流汇入、底泥释放和大气沉降进入湖体的总量。结果表明：（1）基因毒物质镉所致健康风险为9．14E-06a^-1,并且远大于躯体毒物质所致的健康风险;（2）湖区工业是阳澄湖重金属的最大来源;（3）底泥释放也是一个重要的重金属输入方式。     

现场快速测定甲醛的监测分析方法

文章介绍了GDYQ-201M室内空气现场甲醛·氨测定仪法测定空气中甲醛的方法,并与空气质量中甲醛的测定乙酰丙酮分光光度法（GB／T15516—1995）比较。对准确度,精密度等都进行了详细地实验,得出满意的结果。结果表明,在0．00—5．00mg／m^3范围内,用GDYQ-201M室内空气现场甲醛·氨测定仪法测定甲醛完全可以满足室内空气样品中甲醛的测定。     

乙二胺四乙酸项目环境风险评价实例分析与探讨

环境风险评价是环境影响评价领域的一个新课题,20世纪80年代以来,发达国家就将环境风险评价纳入环境管理的范畴,环境风险评价已成为可能发生事故危险的建设项目环境影响评价中重要而不可缺少的组成部分。由于乙二胺四乙酸生产所用原料都具有一定毒害特性,故对具有发生潜在事故风险的乙二胺四乙酸建设项目,其潜在风险事故发生的可能性及其影响后果在环境风险评价中均应得到反映。本文以某拟建乙二胺四乙酸项目为例,分析乙二胺四乙酸项目环境风险评价。