丹江口水库流域氮素时空分布特征

为全面了解丹江口水库流域氮素污染状况,对库区26个点位及10条主要入库河流入库口处的表层水样进行了丰水期、平水期、枯水期采样与监测,探讨了氮素时空分布特征。入库口总氮检出范围为1.31~10.96 mg/L,其中泗河和神定河入库口总氮最高。总氮为库区水质主要限制因子,年均总氮质量浓度为1.13~2.71 mg/L;汉江库区整体上总氮污染水平略高于丹江库区,且与丹江库区相比,汉江库区受点源排放的影响较大。10条入库河流总氮的总年均输入量为63 347.31 t/a,其中汉江的总氮输入量最大;入库河流总氮控制的关键在于溶解性有机氮和硝酸盐氮的控制。     

Methylmercury in a predatory fish (Cichla spp.) inhabiting the Brazilian Amazon

This research tested whether limnological conditions, biological characteristics of fish and anthropogenic impacts influenced the assimilation of methylmercury into the muscle of a sedentary piscivorous fish, Cichla spp., from three rivers (Negro, Madeira, Tapajós) and two hydroelectric reservoirs (Balbina, Tucuruí) within the Brazilian Amazon. Methylmercury in this fish ranged from 0.04 to 1.43microgg(-1) w.w. across sites. No significant differences were observed in the methylmercury concentrations between males and females, or for different morphotypes of this species. Positive correlations were found between methylmercury and fish body weight. No differences were found between the weight normalized methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations or its percent of total mercury in fish from the three rivers; weight normalized MeHg was highest in one of the two reservoirs. In Rio Tapajós, where gold mining and deforestation cause high water turbidity, fish showed the highest MeHg and concentrations were different across the four sites examined. In all sampling areas, the %MeHg was found to be higher than 70.     

三峡水库低水位运行时干流回水对支流水环境的影响

三峡水库干流回水对支流水环境的影响研究对水库支流富营养化防治及保障水库水质安全具有重要意义.通过2016年8月7～12日三峡水库低水位运行时对库区长江干流和主要支流进行采样和室内分析,初步揭示了三峡库区低水位运行时水库水体的水化学特征和研究了干流回水对主要支流水化学特征的影响.结果表明,对于EC值变化范围,干流为291～336μS·cm~(-1),支流不受干流回水影响水体为183. 7～518μS·cm~(-1),受干流回水影响水体为267～330μS·cm~(-1),接近干流.对于氢氧同位素特征δD值和δ~(18)O值分布范围,干流为-81. 60‰～-75. 16‰和-11. 57‰～-10. 26‰,支流不受干流回水影响水体为-59. 94‰～-43. 67‰和-9. 00‰～-6. 04‰,受干流回水影响水体为-77. 85‰～-50. 75‰和-11. 06‰～-7. 33‰,接近干流,与EC值和主要阴阳离子质量浓度值表现规律一致,表明干流通过回水影响支流水体组成进而影响支流的水化学特征,且支流受干流回水影响程度与支流河口距三峡大坝距离和支流自身流量大小呈负相关.支流不受干流回水影响的水体水化学特征与支流流域属性有关,人口密度大、耕地比例高的支流流域其水质较差.干流回水对水质较优的支流起污染作用,对水质较差的支流起稀释优化作用.