Ecological wetland paradigm drives water source improvement in the stream network of Yangtze River Delta

Jiaxing created a precedent using bypass riparian marshes to purify micro-polluted water sources in China. Pond-wetland complex with constructed root channel technology becomes a paradigm which can be analogized as “human-body wetland model” based on bionics or biomimetics. Heterogeneous plant-bed/ditch system with highly active land/water ecotone interfaces, especially meandering boundaries, breeds many biochemical reactions “living areas”. Optimization of hydraulic regulation promotes redox environment alternations and wetland treatment efficiency. Here we reported a series of upgrades and performances in Guanjinggang wetland after the Shijiuyang prototype. Morphological reform of plant-bed/ditch system played a vital role. Spatially root channel zone was main force of wetland purification, and temporally the treatment effect was higher in low-temperature seasons indicating non-temperature dependent mechanisms worked. Water pollution comprehensive index improved steadily from IV to III, and comprehensive pollution load was reduced by ca. 40%–60%. Comprehensive evaluation function value further showed the gradients purification effect of the upgraded wetland. Ecological wetlands ameliorated source water quality, and reduced drinking water treatment reagents, thereby bringing about economic benefits. Through wetlands operation, people can see how the micro-polluted surface water becomes clear and clean, so promoting a significant social benefit. As a viable component of urban green space, wetlands could beautify regional eco-environment, freshen the air, increase urban ecological taste, and enhance the eco-environmental protection publicity. Thus, the multifunctional service values and indirect benefits are substantial. Jiaxing ecological wetlands provide a typical paradigm for water pollution remediation in developing countries and plays a leading role in technology engineering radiation effect.     

系统动力学在污水处理中的应用研究

利用系统动力学原理,并根据活性污泥模型,构建Orbal氧化沟系统脱氮过程模拟的系统动力学模型。通过与实际情况相比发现,将模型分解为溶解氧模块、COD去除模块和TN去除模块是合理的,模拟发现减少转碟数量可以提高氧化沟系统脱氮效果。通过与实际运行的Orbal氧化沟进行对比发现,减少曝气转碟数量后,总氮去除率70%,比去年同期提高30%。     

Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1–9 years

This study investigated the association between vaccination with the Hepatitis B triple series vaccine prior to 2000 and developmental disability in children aged 1–9 years (n = 1824), proxied by parental report that their child receives early intervention or special education services (EIS). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000 data were analyzed and adjusted for survey design by Taylor Linearization using SAS version 9.1 software, with SAS callable SUDAAN version 9.0.1. The odds of receiving EIS were approximately nine times as great for vaccinated boys (n = 46) as for unvaccinated boys (n = 7), after adjustment for confounders. This study found statistically significant evidence to suggest that boys in United States who were vaccinated with the triple series Hepatitis B vaccine, during the time period in which vaccines were manufactured with thimerosal, were more susceptible to developmental disability than were unvaccinated boys.     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中吡咯里西啶类生物碱

建立了蜂蜜中5种吡咯里西啶类生物碱的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法.蜂蜜样品用50%甲醇超声提取,强阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化富集,超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱MRM模式检测,外标法定量.以Waters BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,以含0.1%甲酸的乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱.倒千里光碱、千里光宁、千里光菲啉和野百合碱在0.2—100.0μg·kg-1,克氏千里光宁在1.0—200.0μg·kg-1的浓度范围内各化合物线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.999,定量限在0.2—0.8μg·kg-1之间.在3个加标水平下,空白基质蜂蜜中的5种生物碱的平均回收率为82.0%—110.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于12.5%.方法准确可靠,适合于蜂蜜中吡咯里西啶类生物碱的测定.     

Occurrence and behavior of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in eastern China

The occurrence and removal efficiency of seven pharmaceuticals (norfloxacin, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, diclofenac and carbamazepine) were determined in three sewage treatment plants (STPs) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic, anoxic/oxic and oxidation ditches processes in Xuzhou City, Eastern China. The results showed that seven pharmaceuticals were detected in the influent samples with concentrations ranging from 93 to 2540 ng·L⁻¹. The removal of these substances among the three different STPs varied from 36 to 84%, with the highest performance obtained by the wastewater treatment works with tertiary treatment (sand filtration). Most of the compounds were removed effectively during biologic treatment while sand filtration treatment also made a contribution to the total elimination of most pharmaceuticals. The efficiency comparison of the three sewage treatment processes showed that the STP which employed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic was more effective to remove pharmaceuticals than the oxidation ditches and anoxic/oxic.     

滩涂农业垦区排水沟连接度对氮磷输出的影响

沟渠廊道提供了氮磷输送与排放通道,同时还提供氮磷滞留降解的环境,因此排水沟渠及其连通程度与氮磷输移及面源污染排放密切相关。为揭示不同连接度水平对氮磷污染物质扩散功能和净化功能的影响,论文以江苏盐城农业垦区排水沟为研究对象,分别在2015年8月和10月两次降水事件前后对不同等级排水沟进行4次水质（氮磷）监测,研究构建了基于氮磷输移过程关系的沟渠廊道连接度模型,进而利用回归模型分析了垦区排水沟连通度与氮磷输移的关系,结果显示：1）氮磷负荷呈现出10月雨前 < 8月雨前 < 10月雨后 < 8月雨后的时间变化特征,并有从上游到下游先升后降的空间变化特征;2）回归模型分析表明,排水沟TN、TP 输出随沟渠廊道连接度的增大呈先增后减的趋势,且其拐点分别位于沟渠廊道连接度为0.79、0.77时。研究表明,排水沟连接对于农田排水沟的扩散和净化功能的发挥起着重要作用,农业面源污染可以通过提高排水沟连接度来控制。     

氧化沟工艺在处理有机废水中的应用

以河南省某制革企业综合有机废水处理工程为实例,根据排放废水的水质水量及处理要求进行工程分析,对含铬废水的处理提出工艺流程;对综合有机废水处理工艺各构筑物的功能和设计进行了详细阐述.     

氧化沟流场的计算流体力学数值模型研究

该研究发展了氧化沟计算流体力学模型。采用三维标准k-ε湍流计算流体力学模型对全尺度氧化沟进行了数值模拟和试验验证,并用动量源项方法描述倒伞曝气机对氧化沟中流体的驱动作用,试验结果和模拟计算间良好的一致性证明了模型的合理性。模拟和试验均发现大量低流速区域的存在,尤其是表面曝气机下部靠近沟底的区域,有必要改善氧化沟的水力学性能。同时,对网格独立性进行了验证,比较了不同湍流模型的计算结果。     

复合式Carrousel氧化沟处理城市污水研究

在Carrousel氧化沟中悬挂半软性填料而组件的复合式氧化沟处理人工合成的城市污水,通过小试研究,考察了复合式氧化沟在不同的HRT时运行效能和特性,分析了复合式氧化沟工艺在污染物去除方面的优势。试验表明,当HRT从55h减少到10h,COD去除率从99.1%减少到86.6%,BOD5去除率从99.4%下降到92.8%,氨氮去除率从98%减少到83.0%;当复合式氧化沟在HRT=20h的条件下运行,进水COD、BOD5和氨氮分别为125.3~492mg/L,56.26~249.44mg/L,20~32.91mg/L,去除率分别为90.2%~97.0%,94.4%~99.3%,90.1%~98.7%。复合式Carrousel氧化沟耐冲击负荷能力强,各类污染物的去除效率很强。     

氧化沟改良工艺处理城市污水的效果分析

为研究氧化沟改良工艺对城市污水的处理效果,试验采用有效容积为1.10m3的氧化沟改良模型,以污泥龄SRT、水力停留时间HRT和外沟-中沟-内沟三沟溶解氧DO等运行参数为影响因素,对改良型氧化沟工艺处理城市生活污水运行效果进行正交试验研究。试验的最优工况为泥龄SRT取15d,水力停留时间HRT取20h,外沟-中沟-内沟三沟溶解氧DO取0.5~1mg/L-0~0.3mg/L-2~3mg/L。最优工况下对COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别为84.7%、91.9%和63.4%。试验结果体现了氧化沟改良工艺的优良性能。