果汁生产废水处理工程实践

根据果汁生产废水的特点,采用混凝沉淀＋厌氧＋二级好氧处理的工艺,该工艺运行一段时间,处理效果稳定,BOD5的去除率大于95％,COD的去除率大于95％,出水水质达到污水综合排放一级标准。     

湖泊富营养化的综合评价方法的探讨与实例

目前富营养化评价方法众多,但各评价方法之间缺乏可比性,不利于湖泊富营养化的有效管理和治理.本文在对现有湖泊富营养化的评价方法进行分析、评价的基础上,从湖泊水生生态系统出发,提出了适合我国国情的基于<地表水环境质量标准>(GB3838-2002)的湖泊富营养化水生生态系统评价方法.即水质、水生生物与底质评价相结合的系统的、综合的富营养化评价方法.该方法可对不同湖泊的富营养化状况进行比较,并可对同一湖泊富营养化的时空变化进行分析,有利于对湖泊富营养化程度、成因做出客观、合理的判断,为治理富营养化提供全面、科学的决策依据.     

徐州市区故黄河底泥重金属污染研究

通过对故黄河表层底泥和底泥剖面样重金属元素含量的系统测试,运用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对故黄河底泥进行了重金属污染程度评价。地积累指数法评价结果表明,故黄河底泥基本未受Cr、Ni的污染,个别采样点受到重金属元素Cu和Pb的中等程度污染,大部分采样点受到Zn的中等程度及以上污染,且Zn含量分布范围宽,最大值与最小值相差较大。主要重金属元素的污染程度依次为:Zn>Cu>Pb。潜在生态指数法评价结果表明,故黄河底泥内重金属污染对生态的潜在危害很轻。     

阳极溶出伏安法连续测定底泥中的总镉和总铅

底泥样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解后，用1＋1盐酸溶解残渣，以高氯酸做支持电解质，采用阳极溶出伏安法的标准加入法，连续测定样品中的总镉和总铅。该方法测定土壤标准样品中镉和铅的相对标准偏差分别为5．6％和4．6％，相对误差分别为2．4％和-1．7％；测定自采底泥样品中镉和铅的相对偏差分别为7．7％和8．1％，方法的重复性好；测定土壤标准样品中镉加标回收率为94．0％-106．8％，铅加标回收率为95％-103．8％；自采样品中镉加标回收率为93．0％-105．6％，铅加标回收率为90．0％-105．0％，方法的准确度较高。实验中，镉和铅的半波电位稳定，峰形对称。     

Removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution using PEG based aqueous biphasic system

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salt have been examined for the removal of textile dyes from textile effluent. The partitioning of four dyes namely Cibacron Scarlet LS 2G, Rhodamine B, Brown ERN and Astacryl Red 3B was investigated. All the dyes studied were found to partition into the upper PEG rich layer. Sodium carbonate was found to be the most efficient salt for extraction of dyes. Sodium sulphate was found to be marginally less efficient. Sodium chloride did not cause partitioning at all. Partitioning occurred at all pH and was almost pH independent. The partitioning of these dyes in larger volume (100?mL) ABS was also demonstrated. Studies using dye bath effluent were also conducted. In all cases very high efficiencies consistently above 98% were obtained.     

Daphne: a new multimetric benthic index for the quality assessment of marine coastal environment in the Northern Adriatic Sea

A new benthic index, named Daphne, is proposed for the Northern Adriatic coastal area, near the Po river delta. It is based on six characteristics of the community that do not require in-depth taxonomic expertise: number of mollusc species, % of bivalves, % of polychaetes, abundance of the opportunistic species Corbula gibba, % of amphipods and number of ‘typical mollusc species’ that are individuated by multivariate analysis. The application of the index in selected stations along a gradient of decreasing disturbance shows that it is simple to use in regular monitoring campaigns and that the results are consistent with environmental quality data in the special conditions of this area subjected to considerable river runoff. The index can be used in addition and as a complement to more widespread indices (such as M-AMBI); a comparison of the two indices performance is discussed.     

柴达木盆地盐类资源成矿构造环境及成矿预测

运用区域地质资料和地球重力测量资料的分析成果,对柴达木盆地新生代地层沉积建造的空间位置和基本构造形式进行了讨论;用实验对比和地质概化的方法,建立了新生代盆地的构造边界和构造系统;用地球动力成矿和层位耦合成矿的规律说明,新生代盆地内部存在共轭成矿作用,并可用来预测成盐成矿地段和筛选寻矿找矿靶区,为中国大陆盆地的盐类矿产资源的开发和研究提供依据。根据柴达木盆地基底构造的分析,在第四纪成矿作用的基础上,在新生代地层深部寻找新的盐类矿床是大有前景的。依据成矿环境条件,圈定出5个盐类矿床的成矿构造带,是今后找矿勘探的靶区及成矿远景地带。     

安徽省"两山一湖"旅游区空间竞合分析

构建了区域旅游空间竞合的SWOT分析模型,并据此对安徽省"两山一湖"旅游区进行了分析,最后提出了"两山一湖"旅游区实施旅游空间竞合战略的具体对策和措施,以期推动整体旅游业更加快速的发展.     

曲靖电厂灰渣性质及其用作水泥混合材的试验研究

在对粉煤灰及炉渣的主要物理、化学性质进行分析测试的基础上，对它们用作水泥混合材所表现出的性能及存在的问题进行了分析研究。     

A Method for Improving the Management of Controversial Wetland

Valley bottom wetlands in agricultural landscapes often are neglected in national and regional wetland inventories. Although these areas are small, located in the bottomlands of the headwater catchments, and scattered in the rural landscape, they strongly influence hydrology, water quality, and biodiversity over the whole catchment area. Valley bottom wetlands often are considered as controversial wetlands. Awareness of the functional role of wetlands is increasing, in parallel with their progressive disappearance in intensive farming landscapes. The need to improve tools for controlling wetland management is a primary consideration for decision makers and land users. This article proposes a method for the inventory of valley bottom wetlands. The method is based on the functional analysis of potential, existing, and efficient valley bottom wetlands (the PEEW approach). Several indicators are proposed for checking the validity of such an approach. Potential wetlands are delineated by means of a topographic index using topographic and pedoclimatic criteria computed from a Digital Elevation Model and easily accessible databases. Existing wetlands are identified from observed surface moisture, the presence of specific wetland vegetation, or soil feature criteria. Efficient wetlands are defined through a given function, such as flow or pollutant regulation or biodiversity control. An analysis of areas at the limits between potential, existing, and efficient wetlands highlights land cultivated or drained in the past, which currently represents negotiating areas in which rehabilitation and other intended management actions can be implemented.