双波长标准加入法测微量镍

通过加入掩蔽剂酒石酸，使Zn(Ⅱ）与1－（2－吡啶偶氮）－2－奈酚形成的配合物吸光度降低，而对应的配合物吸光度基本不变，从而提高了大量Zn(Ⅱ)存在下Ni(Ⅱ）测定的准确度，用于测定镀锌溶液中的Ni(Ⅱ），结果令人满意。     

基于结构函数理论的微通道冷板热阻研究

目的寻找微通道冷板热阻与沸腾程度的关系。方法在结构函数的理论基础上,使用T3Ster对微通道冷板进行测量,从实验系统热路的微分结构函数中分离出微通道冷板的一维热阻。结果单相流动时冷板的一维热阻与热流密度之间不存在明显的关联。结论两相流动时冷板的一维热阻总体上随着微通道内沸腾的加剧而呈现出波动下降的趋势。     

艾比湖流域生态环境分区治理研究

针对艾比湖所处的特殊地理位置及周边环境状况，对艾比湖流域生态退化问题提出了分区治理措施。将流域分成4大区8个小区，根据不同区域在艾比湖生态链中的作用和各区域的特点，提出相应的禁牧、砾石覆盖、防风林等保护和治理措施。可为艾比湖生态环境恢复提供参考。     

Graphical Presentation of 50/60 Hz Magnetic Field Contours as an Engineering Tool for Minimizing ELF Fields

Summary Since IARC classified ELF magnetic field as Possibly Carcinogenic to Human the fear from 50/60 Hz magnetic field exposure had been increased to the state of public “panic”. Subsequently, environment quality preservation organizations increased their pressure on their government to adopt the “precautionary principle” and to reduce the allowable ELF Magnetic Field exposure to much lower values than are recommended by ICNIRP-1998. As an example the present Environmental Ministry in Israel recommendation is to lower the ELF Field exposure to 10 mG averaged over 24 h. As a result of this stringent exposure guideline imposed by the government, electrical engineers who are involved in the deployment and installation of large and medium electrical utilities, such as overhead power lines, transformers, UPS systems, electrical public transportation, switching stations, etc., are much more aware to the need to employ special measures and methods for reducing the magnetic fields that might be emitted from such utilities. There are few computer codes that are capable of analyzing with great accuracy magnetic and electric fields surrounding single phase and three phase electrical utilities in a 3-D system. The best presentations of the analysis results are by equi-value contours depicting electric and magnetic fields. This graphical presentation is a powerful design tool that enables better deployment and installation design aided to reduce the magnetic field emissions from high-power electrical utilities. This paper describes the various types of graphical presentations available for ELF field contours, the dependent and independent variants and parameters, magnetic field animation for optimization of power line installation and routing, and finally an example that demonstrates the usefulness of the graphical presentation tools.     

河水和底泥中有机污染物的分析

采用GC/MG分析方法,对河水和底泥中相同的有机污染物进行监测,初步分析两者的相关性。     

BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER1

ABSTRACT: In 1976–77, benthic invertebrates were sampled at four sites in a 410-kilometer reach of the lower Mississippi River to define the communities in the river and to determine differences between communities upstream and downstream from the industrial and municipal complexes of Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana. The most common and most numerous organisms collected were Corbicula and tubificid worms. The benthic community structure of the lower Mississippi River is influenced by substrate type and stability, channel geometry, river velocity, vegetation and organic detritus, and salinity. Sampling stations near the left and right banks had low velocities, and substrate types ranged from medium silt to very fine sand. Burrowing organisms such as tubificids, chironomids, and ephemerid-type mayflies dominated these environments. At the center, left-center, and right-center stations, velocities were higher and substrate materials were coarser than at the bank stations; only Corbicula was present in large numbers. Near the river mouth, salinity and aquatic vegetation greatly affect the benthic community structure. Differences in benthic community structure in the Mississippi River are due primarily to different hydrologic conditions. Industrial and municipal wastes discharged into the river appear to have little or no widespread effects on benthic populations.     

两山论、两条底线与自然资源治理

自然资源的科学管理与永续利用,不仅关系到多个产业部门的发展,还是习近平生态文明思想的重点关注问题。生态文明建设背景下的自然资源治理,应满足并促进多元主体参与下的不同利益诉求与协同发展。经济发展新形势下资源约束愈发显著,产业供给端的自然资源治理问题是可持续发展的关键要素。本研究结合两山论,通过对自然资源治理与人类活动发展间的内在关系进行分析,指出坚守两条底线的贵州实践是两山论持续深化生态文明建设的理论演进与验证。进而结合利益相关方的需求满足,梳理三者间联系与特性,以其核心理念为主线,围绕"生态系统服务、生态系统保护、区域经济发展"的目标功能实现,构建一种多元主体下的自然资源治理体系,并分析其约束条件与运行模式,以区域实践探析其目标功能实现与重要理论延展。最后提出应在产业发展与多方参与层面上统一思想认识,有利于新型治理途径的构建与探索。     

The Influence of Anthropogenic Contamination On Metals Release From Coastal Sediment Suspensions with Aerated Sea Water

The zinc, cadmium, copper and lead release from the uncontaminated and contaminated coastal sediments with aerated sea water was studied. the metals transfer to the dissolved forms was monitored during one-two months by differential pulse anodic voltammetry (DPASV). the sediments with different initial degree of contamination were sampled in the Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan around Vladivostok-the biggest city in Russian Far East. Sediment contamination by metals led to increased release to solution of zinc due to sulphide oxidation and cadmium on account of organic matter decomposition. the copper behaviour was complicated by strong binding with organic matter and enhancements of copper release can only be seen in sediment with a low organic matter content. Significant lead transfer to dissolved forms was not observed regardless of sediment contamination. the temperature affected the release of cadmium and copper through enhanced organic matter destruction. the dissolved metal fluxes from the sediment transformation are compared with metal fluxes towards bottom. Such comparisons show that second contamination by dissolved metals of the studied coastal environment may be important for cadmium only.     

城市垃圾二次性好氧堆肥化工艺的若干设计方程

二次性好氧堆肥化工艺是基于将堆肥化过程中高温微生物和中温微生物在分开的、各自适宜的环境中 进行不同基质降解和稳定化的一种较新工艺．通过实验，由物料平衡式结合微生物反应动力学 建立了 城市垃圾二次性好氧堆肥工艺的若干基本设计方程式：一次发酵阶段的生物降解方程， Ｋ Ａｖ 值高的易降解物具有一级反应的性质，试验求出的比率常数 Ｋｄ 为０１１９ ｄ － １ ；一次 发酵阶段的堆肥减量二元线性方程，减量主要与挥发性固体降解率和水份蒸发量有关；一次 发酵动态反应器容积和二次发酵构筑物有效面积的计算式，计算式主要考虑了减量、容重变化及堆肥返料量的影响；一次发酵阶段所需理论通风量的计算式，通风量主要由微生 物需氧量和水份蒸发量所需的空气量组成，后者需气量往往大于前者，有时高达２ ～６ 倍．     

Leaching toxicity characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

The continuously increasing production of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) has promoted its utilization as construction material and raised environmental concern. The physico-chemical properties and leaching behavior of MSWIBA were studied, and ecotoxicological testing using a luminescent bacterium bioassay was performed to assess the ecological pollution risks associated with its leached constituents. The MSWIBA was leached by two types of leachants, H₂SO₄/HNO₃ and HAc solution, at different liquid to solid ratios and contact times. The concentrations of heavy metals and anions in the leachates were analyzed. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principle component analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were used to evaluate the contributions of the constituents to the toxicity (EC₅₀) of the MSWIBA leachate. The statistical analyses of the ecotoxicological results showed that the Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, F⁻ and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were closely correlated with the EC₅₀ value, and these substances were the main contributors to the ecotoxicity of the MSWIBA leachate. In addition, the cluster of these variables indicated similar leaching behaviors. Overall, the research demonstrated that the ecotoxicological risks resulting from MSWIBA leaching could be assessed before its utilization, which provides crucial information for the adaptation of MSWIBA as alternative materials.