动态水流条件下河流底泥污染物(COD_(Cr))释放研究

为了研究不同水深、流速等水动力条件对底泥中污染物释放强度的影响,以苏州河底泥为例,通过水槽试验,分析了动态水流条件下河流底泥中污染物释放及其对上覆水体水质的影响.结果表明,CODCr释放率随时间的增大而增大,但CODCr释放强度随时间的增大而减小.底泥中污染物释放率与水深和流速有关,在相同水深的条件下,底泥的释放率随着流速的增加而增大;在相同流速的条件下,底泥的释放率随着水深的增大而减小.在水深10cm、流速0.10m.s-1的动态水流条件下,底泥向上覆水体释放CODCr的释放强度与时间的关系为:C=1.06C0e-0.06t.     

“二级分配”方法在天津市水环境容量分配中的应用

公平、合理的水环境容量分配是环境总量控制工作的重要组成部分。本文在总结传统分配方法的基础上,提出环境容量“二级分配”方法,并应用在天津市水环境容量分配工作中。在保证完成总量控制目标的前提下,进行当地的产业结构优化。     

考虑气液置换的压回法气井压井过程对井底压力的影响*

为在压回法气井压井计算中进一步贴合现场实际情况,提出新的压回法气井压井过程计算方法。在压井过程中,考虑压井液与侵入井筒的气体发生置换,导致井筒流体自上而下分布为液－气液２相－气－气液２相的实际问题,建立压井过程模型,并对井底压力的变化进行计算分析。结果表明:发生气液置换对压回法压井过程井底压力以及注入压力具有明显影响,考虑气液置换对井底压力的控制可更加精确,同时,气液置换越多,压回过程所需要的注入压力越大,易引起更加严重事故。因此,气液置换过程在压回法压井过程不可忽略。     

输电线路山火跳闸机理的模拟实验研究

山火发生时植被燃烧产生的高温火焰及烟羽流使架空输电线路的空气绝缘性能大幅降低,可能引发导线之间或导线对地面间的击穿放电现象,导致输电线路发生跳闸事故。选取正庚烷与木垛为代表性火源,模拟研究直流高压电在火焰中的击穿放电现象,测量了火焰温度和电阻参数,获得了不同火源条件下放电间隙的击穿电压,分析了火焰参数对间隙击穿场强的影响。实验结果表明,正庚烷和木垛火焰放电实验中,火焰高温和电导率是导致击穿场强下降的主要因素。此外,烟颗粒也会导致击穿场强下降。     

湿法烟气脱硫关键影响因素及新型单塔双循环技术

分析了石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫(LGWFGD)技术的关键影响因素:液气比、浆液pH值、浆液密度的影响规律,发现在浆液pH值和浆液密度的选择时不能同时满足高脱硫效率和高石膏品质的要求。为解决这一矛盾,提出一种新型的单塔双循环技术,在两个相对独立的浆液循环系统中可以分别调节浆液pH值和浆液密度,使得高脱硫效率和高石膏品质的需求同时得到满足。     

Distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in bottom ash derived from high-germanium coals

The radioactivity of uranium in radioactive coal bottom ash(CBA) may be a potential danger to the ambient environment and human health. Concerning the limited research on the distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in CBA, we herein report our investigations into this topic using a number of techniques including a five-step Tessier sequential extraction, hydrogen fluoride(HF) leaching, Siroquant(Rietveld) quantification, magnetic separation, and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The Tessier sequential extraction showed that the uranium in the residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions was dominant(59.1%and 34.9%, respectively). The former was mainly incorporated into aluminosilicates,retained with glass and cristobalite, whereas the latter was especially enriched in the magnetic fraction, of which about 50% was present with magnetite(Fe_3O_4) and the rest in other iron oxides. In addition, the uranium in the magnetic fraction was 2.6 times that in the non-magnetic fraction. The experimental findings in this work may be important for establishing an effective strategy to reduce radioactivity from CBA for the protection of our local environment.     

In vitro evaluation of inorganic and methyl mercury mediated cytotoxic effect on neural cells derived from different animal species

To extend the current understanding of the mercury-mediated cytotoxic effect,five neural cell lines established from different animal species were comparatively analyzed using three different endpoint bioassays:thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay(MTT),neutral red uptake assay(NRU),and Coomassie blue assay(CB).Following a 24-hr exposure to selected concentrations of mercury chloride(HgCl_2) and methylmercury(Ⅱ) chloride(MeHgCl),the cytotoxic effect on test cells was characterized by comparing their 50%inhibition concentration(IC_(50)) values.Experimental results indicated that both these forms of mercury were toxic to all the neural cells,but at very different degrees.The IC_(50)values of MeHgCl among these cell lines ranged from 1.15±0.22 to 10.31 ± 0.70 μmol/L while the IC_(50) values for HgCl_2 were much higher,ranging from 6.44 ± 0.36 to 160.97±19.63 μmol/L,indicating the more toxic nature of MeHgCl.The IC_(50) ratio between HgCl_2and MeHgCl ranged from 1.75 to 96.0,which confirms that organic mercury is much more toxic to these neural cells than inorganic mercury.Among these cell lines,HGST-BR and TriG44 derived from marine sea turtles showed a significantly high tolerance to HgCl_2 as compared to the three mammalian neural cells.Among these neural cells,SK-N-SH represented the most sensitive cells to both chemical forms of mercury.     

地电观测外线路自动断线装置研制

根据台站多年来地电仪器的雷害情况,分析原因,在原有防雷装置的基础上,增加继电器以切断线路与仪器的连接,有效的阻断了雷电侵入的途径,避免了仪器遭受雷击.     

生物膜对饱和多孔介质渗透性影响的实验和模型研究

为了解微生物生长过程中生物堵塞对二维饱和多孔介质渗透性的影响,采用C190石英砂箱(55 cm×45 cm×1.28 cm)进行室内渗流实验,研究混合菌群KB-1在充足营养源条件下的生长情况及生物膜对饱和多孔介质渗透性的影响.实验监测了砂箱水溶液中悬浮生物量及颗粒表面附着生物量,利用共焦激光扫描技术观测了颗粒表面形成的...     

雌酮的氯化产物及其内分泌干扰作用活性

利用固相萃取-LC/ESI-MS分析测定雌酮及其在氯气消毒过程中产生的副产物,结果表明,雌酮容易和次氯酸发生反应,并检出了包括一氯雌酮、二氯雌酮在内的4种副产物．用酵母双杂交方法对副产物的内分泌干扰活性进行了测试,发现副产物也具有内分泌干扰作用．