全文获取类型
收费全文 | 571篇 |
免费 | 73篇 |
国内免费 | 88篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 57篇 |
废物处理 | 20篇 |
环保管理 | 173篇 |
综合类 | 279篇 |
基础理论 | 83篇 |
污染及防治 | 34篇 |
评价与监测 | 50篇 |
社会与环境 | 21篇 |
灾害及防治 | 15篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 39篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 57篇 |
2013年 | 61篇 |
2012年 | 44篇 |
2011年 | 52篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 33篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有732条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
661.
根据火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中的铜含量,分析主要的测量不确定度来源,即标准曲线不确定度、标准溶液不确定度、测量重复性不确定度.计算得到水中铜的测定结果的合成不确定度为0.098mg/L,扩展不确定度为0.196mg/L. 相似文献
662.
Paul F. Pinsky 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2000,7(2):155-175
Disease due to waterborne pathogens, whether in outbreak or endemic form, continues to be a problem in both the developing and the developed world. Control of waterborne disease requires accurate assessment of the pathogen dose-response relation and of likely patterns of exposure. Heretofore, risk assessment of pathogen exposure has been done on the basis of several standard biologically plausible dose-response models. In this paper, the problem of estimating the long-term risk from waterborne pathogens is put into a rigorous mathematical and statistical framework. The implications of the biologic assumptions embedded in the dose-response models (e.g., heterogeneity in susceptibility) are fully considered, as are the likely patterns of long-term exposure (e.g., temporal correlations within individuals and heterogeneity of mean exposures). Two types of long-term risk are described, risk per person-time and risk per individual where the latter is the risk of infection at least once. The effects on these risks of heterogeneity in individuals susceptibilities and mean exposures and of temporal correlations of exposures are described, both theoretically and empirically using a sample of experimental data sets. Because different models with equal plausibility may give very different results in the low-dose range but fit the experimental data equally well, we apply the model uncertainty algorithm of Buckland et al. (1997) on example data sets. Finally, the computational aspects of the general problem, which are often challenging, are discussed along with the conditions under which simplifying approximations may be utilized. 相似文献
663.
Application of geostatistical methods to arsenic data from soil samples of the Cova dos Mouros mine (Vila Verde-Portugal) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A total of 286 soil samples were collected in the Cova dos Mouros area. All samples were dry sieved into the <200 mesh size fraction and analysed for Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, Bi and Mn by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and for As, Se, Sb and Te by atomic absorption spectrometry-hydrid generation (AAS-HG). Only the results of arsenic are discussed in this paper although the survey was extended to all analysed chemical elements. The purpose of this study was to make a risk probability mapping for arsenic that would allow better knowledge about the vulnerability of the soil to arsenic contamination. To achieve this purpose, the initial variable was transformed into an indicator variable using as thresholds the risk-based standards (intervention values) for soils, as proposed by [Swartjes 1999. Risk based assessment of soil and groundwater quality in the Netherlands: Standards and remediation. J. Geochem. Explor.73 1–10]. To account for spatial structure, sample variograms were computed for the main directions of the sampling grid and a spherical model was fitted to each sample variogram (arsenic variable and indicator variables). The parameters of the spherical model fitted to the arsenic variable were used to predict arsenic concentrations at unsampled locations. A risk probability mapping was also done to assess the vulnerability of the soil towards the mining works. The parameters of the spherical model fitted to each indicator variable were used to estimate probabilities of exceeding the corresponding threshold. The use of indicator kriging as an alternative to ordinary kriging for the soil data of Cova dos Mouros produced unbiased probability maps that allowed assessment of the quality of the soil. 相似文献
664.
665.
W. Cully Hession Daniel E. Storm C. Thomas Haan Sterling L. Burks Marty D. Matlock 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(5):1039-1054
ABSTRACT: We present an ecological risk assessment methodology at the watershed level for freshwater ecosystems. The major component is a pollutant transport and fate model (a modified EUTROMOD) with an integrated uncertainty analysis utilizing a two-phase Monte Carlo procedure. The uncertainty analysis methodology distinguishes between knowledge uncertainty and stochastic variability. The model assesses the ecological risk of lentic (lake) ecosystems in response to the stress of excess phosphorus resulting in eutrophication. The methodology and model were tested on the Wister Lake watershed in Oklahoma with the lake and its trophic state as the endpoint for ecological risk assessment. A geographic information system was used to store, manage, and manipulate spatially referenced data for model input. 相似文献
666.
Tahir Husain 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(3):527-534
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a simple methodology, using the entropy concept, to estimate regional hydro logic uncertainty and information at both gaged and ungaged grids in a basin. The methodology described in this paper is applicable for (a) the selection of the optimum station from a dense network, using maximization of information transmission criteria, and (b) expansion of a network using data from an existing sparse network by means of the information interpolation concept and identification of the zones from minimum hydrologic information. The computation of single and joint entropy terms used in the above two cases depends upon single and multivariable probability density functions. In this paper, these terms are derived for the gamma distribution. The derived formulation for optimum hydrologic network design was tested using the data from a network of 29 rain gages on Sleeper River Experimental Watershed. For the purpose of network reduction, the watershed was divided into three subregions, and the optimum stations and their locations in each subregion were identified. To apply the network expansion methodology, only the network consisting of 13 stations was used, and feasible triangular elements were formed by joining the stations. Hydrologic information was calculated at various points on the line segments, and critical information zones were identified by plotting information contours. The entropy concept used in this paper, although derived for single and bivaviate gamma distribution, is general in type and can easily be modified for other distributions by a simple variable transformation criterion. 相似文献
667.
Susana de Melo Abreu Paulo Herbert Pierluigi Caboni Paolo Cabras Arminda Alves Vincenzo Luigi Garau 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):817-822
Fenamidone is an imidazolinone fungicide recently introduced in viticulture practices. This work reports the validation and assessment of global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method to analyze fenamidone in grapes and wines. This method consists in a simple and fast liquid-liquid extraction step followed by chromatographic determination. Limits of detection for fenamidone in grapes and wines were, respectively, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/L, precision was below 9.4% and average recovery was 89 ± 5%. In the concentration range from 0.05 to 1.00 mg/kg (or mg/L) of fenamidone, global uncertainty calculated following the EURACHEM/CITAC rules, and also by the Horwitz function, was below 25%. The EURACHEM/CITAC global uncertainty budget used gave lower estimates than those obtained from the Horwitz function. 相似文献
668.
Communicating risks has become a core ingredient in the regulatory functions of government, interest group advocacy, public health, and corporate relations. The channels of risk communication have grown in complexity along with the development and expansion of the Internet and the birth of personalized blogging. This paper discusses three stages in the development of risk communication as an area of study and research. It examines the way risk is framed in three channels of communication, newsprint, the Expanded Academic Index, and Google using the example of the controversial chemical perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The paper concludes that the Internet, as illustrated by the Google search engine, has created more opportunities for citizen learning and expanded the breadth and channels of risk communication, while also providing new opportunities for stakeholders to influence the message. Democritization of information does not necessarily create greater concordance between the cultural and technical assessment of risk. 相似文献
669.
T. Bruckner G. Petschel-Held F.L. Tóth H.-M. Füssel C. Helm M. Leimbach H.-J. Schellnhuber 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》1999,4(4):217-234
The Tolerable Windows Approach (TWA) to Integrated Assessments (IA) of global warming is based on external normative specifications of tolerable sets of climate impacts as well as proposed emission quotas and policy instruments for implementation. In a subsequent step, the complete set of admissible climate protection strategies which are compatible with these normative inputs is determined by scientific analysis. In doing so, minimum requirements concerning global and national greenhouse gas emission paths can be determined. In this paper we present the basic methodological elements of TWA, discuss its relation to more conventional approaches to IA like cost–benefit analyses, and present some preliminary results obtained by a reduced-form climate model. 相似文献
670.