日本湖泊水质富营养化控制措施与政策

日本在经历了20世纪50年代和60年代的严重污染事件后,强化了环境政策.在水污染控制法中从严制定了污水排放限制和水质标准,在20世纪70年代和80年代成功地减少了污染.对"日本湖泊水质保全特别措施法"的现状、流域的点源和非点源污染负荷的削减、湖泊底泥的疏浚以及采用生态工程方法减少支流负荷等流域综合管理进行了综述和探讨,并给出了进一步改善湖泊水质的建议.     

Concentration level and geographical distribution of nitrobenzene in Chinese surface waters

Nitrobenzene was reported to occur at relatively high concentrations in some Chinese surface water and to cause an environmental pollution event in 2005.To map the distribution of nitrobenzene in the Chinese surface water throughout China,surface water samples were collected from over 600 sites in the 7 major watersheds and three drainage areas.The samples were analyzed for concentration of nitrobenzene.Overall,nitrobenzene was more frequently detected at higher concentrations in the rivers of North Chin...     

Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.     

大凌河流域环境地理信息系统的开发研究

基于3S一体化功能建立大凌河流域环境地理信息系统,利用SuperMap Objects 5.0全面GIS功能,实现对大凌河流域的各种空间信息及其他各类环境信息的标准化管理及空间分析。     

DEM格网尺度对AnnAGNPS预测山地小流域径流和物质输出的影响

为了解流域地形空间参数和其它参数的精度对农业非点源污染模型AnnAGNPS预测准确性的影响,利用三峡库区黑河小流域观测资料校准了AnnAGNPS模型,分析了1.5-12.5m格网尺度DEM对地形参数和模型负载输出的影响.结果表明,1.5～12.5m格网尺度DEM对流域径流量、洪峰流量、总N输出影响不显著,但对泥沙、总P、有机碳输出影响显著.三峡库区类似小流域宜采用5m格网尺度DEM,AnnAGNPS模型较不适合于尺度较小、坡度较大的小流域泥沙负载预测.     

农业流域营养盐流失的关键因素及其防治途径

全面分析农业流域氮、磷等污染物质流失的关键过程,识别主要影响因素,研究探讨农业面源污染影响因素的作用方式和治理途径,对于农业面源污染控制具有重要意义。以国内外大量相关研究成果为基础,全面分析了农业面源污染的主要产生机理,以及影响农业面源污染时空分布的主要因素及相互作用关系,详细探讨了土壤性质、植被类型、土地利用格局、径流驱动因素、农业生产模式等关键因素对农业面源污染流失特征的影响作用,并从农田管理、景观结构调整、农业生产格局优化等方面有针对性的提出了适合中国农业流域特点的面源污染防控措施。     

贝叶斯规整化BPNN定量流域非点源污染负荷研究

将贝叶斯规整化BP神经网络(BRBPNN)应用于渭河流域非点源污染、社会和经济之间相互作用的研究。采用相关系数法确定输入变量为"降雨"、"种植地"、"草地"、"人口密度"和"羊密度",输出变量为总氮负荷。结果表明用BRBPNN定量非点源污染负荷是可行的,综合选择最优网络模型结构为BRBPNN(3c-7-1),其训练集和预测集相关系数分别为1.0000和0.9780,对应的均方误差分别为88.32和3.21×102。采用权值理论分析各输入因子对网络的贡献,依次为"降雨">"羊密度">"种植地"。该研究可为流域非点源污染的治理提供依据。     

基于数据库支持的非点源污染模型LSPC及其应用

文章介绍了一种基于数据库支持的非点源污染模型LSPC(Loading Simulation Program in C++),模型思想源于采集数据分析系统(Mining Data Analysis System),其本质是基于C++语言对HSPF(Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran...     

皇甫川流域不同水土治理方式下土壤钾含量的变化

本文采用NaOH熔融法,原子吸收分光光度法和NH4OAc浸提,原子吸收分光光度法,分别测定了皇甫川流域五分地沟试验区不同植被治理措施下土壤的全K和速效K含量,对测定结果的分析表明：①不同治理措施下,土壤中全K含量的大小次序是：人工草地〉农田〉人工灌木〉退化草地〉次生草地〉人工林地〉百里香草原,土壤中速效K含量的大小次序是：人工林地〉百里香草原〉人工灌木〉退化草地〉农田〉次生草地〉人工草地。②不同治理方式对土壤钾含量提高的差异明显,灌草类植被对土壤钾的提高效果较好,杨树林对土壤钾的恢复效果稍差。     

Perspectives on policy framework for trans-boundary water quality management in China

In river basins that cross jurisdictional boundaries, water quality degradation has become a crucial problem and results in intensive competition among water users, especially in developing countries. Under this situation, implementing water quality management and control across jurisdictional boundaries can strengthen watershed pollution controls, and prevent pollution from being passed on and promote active pollution control within the related jurisdictional regions. This study examined the limitations of the current trans-boundary water quality management system in China and reviewed the planning and implementation of two pilot integrated trans-boundary water management systems established in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Based on our findings, we proposed a new policy framework for trans-boundary water quality management. As a first step toward integrated watershed management in China, this policy framework can help assess the actual water pollution status of various regions and serve as a basis for an integrated watershed management system. The framework can be easily applied in other countries with trans-boundary water pollution issues, particularly in the context of developing countries.