改良A2/O型氧化沟处理城市污水工程实例

介绍了重庆市童家溪区污水处理厂的工艺流程,及其各构筑物和主要设备的参数.该工艺采用改良A2/O型氧化沟处理城市污水,该工艺将A2/O与氧化沟相结合,具有两者的优点,且能耗省、脱N除P的特点,出水水质达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)中的一级标准的B标准.     

Eight years of annual no-till cropping in Washington's winter wheat-summer fallow region

The tillage-based winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer fallow (WW-SF) cropping system has dominated dryland farming in the Pacific Northwest USA for 125 years. We conducted a large-scale multidisciplinary 8-year study of annual (i.e., no summer fallow) no-till cropping systems as an alternative to WW-SF. Soft white and hard white classes of winter and spring wheat, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were grown in various rotation combinations. Annual precipitation was less than the long-term average of 301 mm in 7 out of 8 years. Rhizoctonia bare patch disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 appeared in year 3 and continued through year 8 in all no-till plots. All crops were susceptible to rhizoctonia, but bare patch area in wheat was reduced, and grain yield increased, when wheat was grown in rotation with barley every other year. Remnant downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) weed seeds remained dormant for 6 years and longer to heavily infest recrop winter wheat. There were few quantifiable changes in soil quality due to crop rotation, but soil organic carbon (SOC) increased in the surface 0–5 cm depth with no-till during the 8 years to approach that found in undisturbed native soil. Annual no-till crop rotations experienced lower average profitability and greater income variability compared to WW-SF. Yellow mustard and safflower were not economically viable. Continuous annual cropping using no-till provides excellent protection against wind erosion and shows potential to increase soil quality, but the practice involves high economic risk compared to WW-SF. This paper provides the first comprehensive multidisciplinary report of long-term alternative annual no-till cropping systems research in the low-precipitation region of the Pacific Northwest.     

北方城市垃圾的回收和利用

随着城市垃圾的迅速增长，垃圾污染问题异常尖锐突出，特别是北方城市尤为严重。本文围绕北方城市如何选择合适的垃圾处理技术进行探讨。提出现阶段在大中城市开展综合处理。在小城市采取以卫生填埋为主、堆肥为辅的处理技术，是解决城市垃圾问题的有效途径。     

重点生态功能区环境污染源排放特征与空间管控模式——以藏东南为例

重点生态功能区以保持并提高生态产品供给能力为主体功能定位，区内自然环境敏感性和脆弱性突出，研究其人类活动过程中的环境污染源排放特征与空间管控模式，对科学协调保护与利用、切实加强重点生态功能区环境保护和治理水平具有重要意义.以青藏高原重要生态安全屏障区藏东南为例，基于环境污染源的固体废弃物、水体污染物和大气污染物排放强度的分类估算与空间特征解析，探讨面向污染源排放强度和多尺度管控精度的分级空间管控方案.研究结果表明：藏东南环境污染源的排放强度整体较低，雅鲁藏布江和雅尼河谷地因人类生产生活活动密度较大，其污染物排放量显著高于其他区域；在重点生态功能区应建立由7个二级类和21个三级类构成的环境污染源空间管控体系，重点管控以城镇居住区和工矿业生产空间为主的"点状"胁迫、以交通运输场所和人文游憩空间为主的"线状"胁迫、以农业种植区和畜禽养殖区为主的"面状"胁迫；针对藏东南各类环境污染源的空间耦合及交互特征，提出城乡生活集聚型、农牧业生产集聚型和休闲旅游集聚型3种典型区，依次制定"分级处理+资源利用"、"源头减排+就地消纳"、"实时动态监控+绿色设施营造+游憩利用规范"的差异化空间管控模式.     

成都市环境污染源初探

选择成都某工矿企业,以元素地球化学评价为主体,利用X荧光分析方法对表层土、深层土、煤渣、煤灰、浮尘样的4个重金属元素进行定量分析,初步进行工矿企业周边生态环境评价,进而评价工矿企业对成都市环境的影响状况。研究结果表明,工矿企业燃媒是影响城市环境的一个主要污染源。     

Relationship between urban eco-environment and competitiveness with the background of globalization: Statistical explanation based on industry type newly classified with environment demand and environment pressure

Within the global urban system, the statistical relationship between urban eco-environment(UE) and urban competitiveness(UC)(RUEC) is researched. Data showed that there is a statistically inverted-U relationship between UE and UC. Eco-environmental factor is put into the classification of industries, and gets six industrial types by two indexes viz. industries‘ eco-environmental demand and pressure. The statistical results showed that there is a strong relationship, for new industdal classification, between the changes of industrial structure and evolvement of UE. The drive mechanism of the evolvement of urban eco-environment, with human demand and global work division was analyzed. The conclusion is that the development stratege, industrial policies of cities, and environmental policies fo cities must be fit with their ranks among the global urban system. At the era of globalization, so far as the environmental policies, their rationality could not be assessed with the level of strictness, but it can enhance cities‘ competitiveness when they are fit with cities‘ capabilities to attract and control some sections of the industry‘s value-chain. None but these kinds of environmental DOlicies can probably enhance the UC.     

硅藻土处理城市生活污水技术试验研究

DWP-158硅藻纯土污水处理装置基建投资仅为240元/m^3污水，占地面积仅为0.12m^2/m^3污水，运行成本为0.26元/m^3污水，悬乳物、CODcr、BOD5、总氮的去除率分别为99%、72%、83%，39%。除磷效率高达96%，比目前城市污水处理厂普遍采用的生化处理技术的除磷效果好得多。     

日本处理城市生活垃圾的做法及启示

随着我国城市化进程的加快，城市生活垃圾的排出量急剧增加，造成环境污染问题日益严重。垃圾不但影响城市景观，传播疾病，而且还破坏环境，浪费资源。本文通过介绍日本处理城市生活垃圾的做法和效果，比较我国处理城市生活垃圾的现状，提出我国应发挥政府职能作用，加强对国民的环保宣传和教育，建立垃圾分类制度、细化标准，创新垃圾回收处理技术，鼓励和扶持垃圾回收产业体系等建议。     

亩强度Te（Ⅳ）胁迫对极大螺旋藻生理生化性质的影响

对极大螺旋藻（Spirulina maxima）在接种后第3～5d分3次添加Na2TeO3，4个Te胁迫组的累计加Te量分别为650、750、850和950mg／L。结果表明：4个Te胁迫组螺旋藻的最终生物量、水溶性蛋白、藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白的含量均低于对照组，且随Te胁迫强度增加而逐渐减少；而SOD的比活力均高于对照组，但随Te胁迫强度增加也呈逐渐减少趋势；Te（Ⅳ）胁迫没有改变螺旋藻中脂溶性色素的组成，但各色素的含量也随Te胁迫强度增加而下降；胞外多糖含量随Te胁迫强度增加而增加，但950mg／L实验组（第9dxTe（Ⅳ）为2．21），胞外多糖的含量反而下降。     

桂林市小东江环境污染综合治理研究

结合小东江污染状况与成因，系统研究了流域产污、排污、截污、纳污的平衡，并结合小试研究确定了重点工业污染企业污染治理与污染总量控制、城市排水系统截污与污水处理厂工艺技术改造、河流引水与清淤、垃圾清运等综合治理、分步实施的工程方案。经综合治理，小东江当年实现水质变清，工程治理结束后，已达到地表水Ⅲ类水质，环境综合治理达到了预期效果。