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西部大开发中水资源保护的战略意义 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
水是生命的源泉,水资源具有维持生命与健康功能,生态系统组成与演化功能,景观组合与美学功能:水能及其服务功能;水介质的传输与净化功能;社会生活与经济服务功能等。西部水资源具有发挥各种功能的区域条件。保护西部水资源的战略意义在于:(1)它是实施西部可持续发展战略的迫切需求;(2)西部是全国水资源富集区,对其保护具有全国战略意义;(3)水资源保护是西部生态建设的重要内容,是建成西部生态屏障的重要措施;(4)西部水资源是产业发展的支撑,对其保护对全国产业发展及其布局,有特殊功能和意义;(5)水资源昌西部农业命脉,保护水资源是西部农业持续发展的保证;(6)西部水资源保护具有跨流域的功能,有广泛的国际影响;(7)水资源保护是发展我国西部旅游产业的重要支撑。总之。西部大开发需要水资源的利用和保护,而水资源的保护和利用又是西部大开发的重要内容和成功的重要标志。 相似文献
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塔里木河中游段治理中的牧区水利建设 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
塔里木河中下游地区生态环境急剧恶化,最主要的原因是中游段河水近一半21×108m3被人为的散失,造成下游河水所剩无几,致使尾闾台特玛湖干涸。解决的根本办法是将中下游段两岸的农牧民迁出,实现人为耗水为零。近期切实可行的办法是积极开展牧区水利建设,改变牧业生产方式,集中高效利用塔河水资源,发展人工草地,改良天然草场,实现牧业生产生态环境的协调发展,人与自然和谐相处。 相似文献
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The article states the case for greatly enhanced reliance on desalination in the provision of freshwater. It argues that the concept of integrated water resource management (IWRM), should be expanded to routinely include desalination, and that sea water and brackish water should be listed among available sources of freshwater. In recent years, the price per m3 of freshwater obtained from desalination has steadily declined, and is now within competitive range of conventional sources, especially as extracting water from surface sources (rivers, lakes) is becoming increasingly expensive as well as ecologically harmful, and groundwater in many locations is saline or depleted. With the expectation that by 2020, five billion people will reside in megacities, today's conventional water resources are likely to become insufficient. As many of these megacities are located near ocean coasts, sea water seems a logical solution. 相似文献
509.
Magdalena Svanstrm Morgan Frling Michael Modell William A. Peters Jefferson Tester 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2004,41(4):573
Environmental aspects of using supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) to treat sewage sludge were studied using a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The system studied is the first commercial scale SCWO plant for sewage sludge in the world, treating sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment facility in Harlingen, TX, USA. The environmental impacts were evaluated using three specific environmental attributes: global warming potential (GWP), photo-oxidant creation potential (POCP) and resource depletion; as well as two single point indicators: EPS2000 and EcoIndicator99. The LCA results show that for the described process, gas-fired preheating of the sludge is the major contributor to environmental impacts, and emissions from generating electricity for pumping and for oxygen production are also important. Overall, SCWO processing of undigested sewage sludge is an environmentally attractive technology, particularly when heat is recovered from the process. Energy-conserving measures and recovery of excess oxygen from the SCWO process should be considered for improving the sustainability potential. 相似文献
510.
Mohammad N. Almasri Jagath J. Kaluarachchi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(1):165-186
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a modeling approach based on a geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the variability of on‐ground nitrogen loading and the corresponding nitrate leaching to ground water. The methodology integrates all point and nonpoint sources of nitrogen, the national land cover database, soil nitrogen transformations, and the uncertainty of key soil and land use‐related parameters to predict the nitrate mass leaching to ground water. The analysis considered 21 different land use classes with information derived from nitrogen sources such as fertilizer and dairy manure applications, dairy lagoons, septic systems, and dry and wet depositions. Simulations were performed at a temporal resolution of one month to capture seasonal trends. The model was applied to a large aquifer of 376 square miles in Washington State that serves more than 100,000 residents with drinking water. The results showed that dairy manure is the main source of nitrogen in the area followed by fertilizers. It was also seen that nitrate leaching is controlled by the recharge rate, and there can be a substantial buildup of soil nitrogen over long periods of time. Uncertainty analysis showed that denitrification rate is the most influential parameter on nitrate leaching. The results showed that combining management alternatives is a successful strategy, especially with the use of nitrification inhibitors. Also, change in the land use pattern has a noticeable impact on nitrate leaching. 相似文献