两相厌氧膜-生物系统处理造纸废水

采用传统两相厌氧工艺 ( BS)与膜分离技术相结合的系统 ( MBS)处理造纸黑液配制废水 .结果表明 :系统 COD去除率可以达到 73.1 % ,高于 BS系统 ( 4 8.6% ) ,且在厌氧污泥活性及运行稳定性方面优于 BS系统 ;在 COD负荷为 6kg·( m³·d)^-1时MBS酸化率为 20.1 % ,酸化水平为 7.5% ,略优于 BS系统 (分别为 7.0 %和 5.0 % ) .探讨了其原因及 MBS系统引入膜的作用 ,并对系统的评价体系进行了初步讨论 .     

凤眼莲在净化废水方面的应用

本文初步探讨了凤眼莲在净化废水方面的应用效果。结果表明，凤眼莲对生活废水具有较强的适应能力和净化效果。同时，其经特殊的处理后钻井废水中也能较正常生长、繁殖，并起一定的净化作用。文中就废水pH对凤眼莲的影响作了初步实验探讨，对凤眼莲净化废水机理也作了简述。     

猪场废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮的短程硝化反硝化预处理研究

在常温(13～20℃)、不调节pH的条件下,采用短程硝化反硝化预处理低C/N（2左右）猪场废水,考察了反硝化与亚硝化过程,并以经过短程硝化反硝化预处理的猪场废水为进水,分析了厌氧氨氧化的脱氮效果.结果表明,采用短程硝化反硝化预处理低C/N猪场废水,可以达到去除部分COD、部分脱氮、控制出水氨氮和亚硝态氮浓度之比在1∶1左右、pH在7.5～8.0左右的目的,为厌氧氨氧化创造了进水条件,全程COD和总氮平均去除率分别为64.3%和49.1%;经过短程硝化反硝化预处理的猪场废水,其厌氧氨氧化脱氮效果稳定,氨氮、亚硝态氮、总氮的平均去除率分别为91.8%、99.3%、84.1%.     

中国海岛县际经济差异与今后产业布局分析

我国12个海岛县,分散分布在黄海等四大海域中,由于所处的海域位置、海洋与岛陆资源丰度以及受市场机制与人文状况、海岛资源开发力度与所处行政区的影响,海岛县际之间经济存在一定差异。根据海岛县人均GDP计算的基尼系数和绘制的洛伦斯曲线图,可以看出海岛县经济差异在缩小。海岛县之间产业结构也存在不同的演进过程,根据主成分得分值,在坐标系上海岛县的具体分布,可以划分出产业结构的不同演进阶段和产业结构类型。目前,海岛县的经济虽然仍为资源型经济,但在开发利用资源方面,已从海洋生物资源利用为主,逐步转向以利用海洋空间资源、海洋非生物资源、岛陆土地资源和海洋生物资源并重的发展方向。一些陆域发展的产业也逐步向海岛转移和延伸,从而在海岛县经济结构中,二、三产业的比重有所增加。     

高选择性基因工程菌E.coli SE5000生物富集水体中的镍离子

利用基因工程菌E．coli SE5000对水体中的镍离子进行富集研究．菌体细胞对Ni^2 的富集速率很快,富集过程满足Langmuir等温线模型．经基因改造的基因工程菌不仅最大镍富集容量与原始宿主菌相比增加了4倍多,而且对pH值的变化呈现出更强的适应性．对离子强度及其它共存重金属离子的影响的实验结果表明：Na^ ,Ca^2 ,Cd^2 ,Pb^2 的影响较小,但Mg^2 ,Hg^2 ,Cr^3 和Cu^2 所引起的负面效应较大．金属螯合剂EDTA的存在对基因工程菌的富集行为影响很大．     

浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器处理啤酒废水试验

研究了新型浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器(SDRAnMBR)处理模拟啤酒废水的运行性能.研究结果表明,SDRAnMBR对啤酒废水有较好的处理效果,处理过程负荷提高快,有机物去除率高,系统耐冲击负荷的能力强,而且运行非常稳定.正常运行期间,进水COD在2900～5200mg·L-1,容积负荷为4.97～12.48kg·m-·3d-1(以COD计)时,COD的平均去除率为95.15%.膜截留和三相旋转流的共同作用,加强了在高污泥浓度(MLSS)和高负荷条件下运行时的混合和传质,从而强化了SDRAnMBR在高MLSS和高容积负荷下运行的稳定性和出水水质.     

利用粉煤灰研制高效无机混凝剂聚硅酸铝

研究了以粉煤灰为原料制取高效无机混凝剂聚硅酸铝的工艺及生产条件。产品用于处理工业废水水样 ,并与传统混凝剂处理废水的效果进行了比较。结果表明 ,聚硅酸铝混凝剂用药量少 ,处理效果较好     

广州城市污泥中重金属的存在特征及其农用生态风险评价

分析了广州7种城市污泥中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni的含量,研究了其中5种污泥中重金属的形态特征,并利用地累积指数（Igeo）和潜在生态危害指数法（RI）对污泥农用过程中重金属的潜在生态风险进行了综合性评价. 结果表明,广州不同来源城市污泥中Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni含量较高,变化幅度较大,而Pb、Cr含量较低. 除一种污泥中Cu超标外,其他重金属基本符合国家农用控制标准（GB18918-2002）,但所有污泥中重金属含量都超过珠江三角洲耕地土壤均值.不同重金属在不同污泥中的形态分布差异较大. 其中,含工业污水污泥中Cu、Cr还原态占很大的比例,Pb、Fe主要以还原态和残渣态存在;生活污水污泥中重金属主要以可氧化态和残渣态存在,酸可交换态中Mn的比例较高,易还原态中Zn的比例较高;5种污泥中Cu、Zn、Mn潜在迁移性最强.Igeo和RI评价结果表明,污泥中Cu、Zn、Mn是潜在的强生态风险元素,污泥在农用过程中具有一定生态风险性. Igeo和RI用于污泥农用过程中重金属的生态风险评价是可行的,与其它评价方法相比较, RI能更好地反映污泥中重金属对生态环境的综合影响.     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.     

Stepwise multiple regression method of greenhouse gas emission modeling in the energy sector in Poland

The energy sector in Poland is the source of 81% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Poland, among other European Union countries, occupies a leading position with regard to coal consumption. Polish energy sector actively participates in efforts to reduce GHG emissions to the atmosphere, through a gradual decrease of the share of coal in the fuel mix and development of renewable energy sources. All evidence which completes the knowledge about issues related to GHG emissions is a valuable source of information. The article presents the results of modeling of GHG emissions which are generated by the energy sector in Poland. For a better understanding of the quantitative relationship between total consumption of primary energy and greenhouse gas emission, multiple stepwise regression model was applied. The modeling results of CO₂ emissions demonstrate a high relationship (0.97) with the hard coal consumption variable. Adjustment coefficient of the model to actual data is high and equal to 95%. The backward step regression model, in the case of CH₄ emission, indicated the presence of hard coal (0.66), peat and fuel wood (0.34), solid waste fuels, as well as other sources (-0.64) as the most important variables. The adjusted coefficient is suitable and equals R² = 0.90. For N₂O emission modeling the obtained coefficient of determination is low and equal to 43%. A significant variable influencing the amount of N₂O emission is the peat and wood fuel consumption.