热强化气相抽提对不同质地土壤中苯去除的影响

研究应用电阻加热强化气相抽提技术对砂土、壤土和黏土中苯去除效果的影响及作用机制.与常规抽提结果相比,在热强化处理作用下气相抽提对砂土和壤土中苯的去除效率提高了13.1%和12.3%,处理时间分别降低75%和14%.热强化处理使得黏土含水率下降,土壤渗透率升高,黏土颗粒表面羧基和乙基的吸收峰消失,有机质含量减少,苯的去除效率与对照相比提高了34%.对于砂土和壤土,热强化主要是通过促进苯在土体中扩散来提高去除效率,从而实现在较短时间内污染物质的大量去除;而对于黏土则是通过降低土壤颗粒表面有机基团的含量,从而降低污染物和土壤颗粒的吸附能力,并通过降低含水率和升高渗透率从而提高土壤中气体的扩散性能,以达到增强气相抽提效果的目的.     

中国矿山地质环境恢复治理激励机制探索研究

目前,中国矿山地质环境恢复治理形势依然严峻,国家高度重视矿山地质环境恢复与治理工作,财政部、国土资源部不断加大矿山地质环境治理资金,但目前资金缺口仍然很大。文章通过梳理中国矿山地质环境恢复治理激励机制建设创新做法,总结各省开展矿山地质环境恢复治理"五结合"激励模式实践探索,并针对我们矿山地质环境治理目前存在的主要困难和问题提出了引入市场机制出台土地使用权,及尽快出台国家层面的鼓励政策等多方面的优惠政策等建议。     

基于土壤气调查的废弃工业场地人体健康风险评估研究

土壤气采样和分析是蒸气侵入评估的一个常用的工具.以某废弃化工场地为研究区,采集污染区域10个点位处的土壤气（编号SG1至SG10）,并分析土壤气中的苯、乙苯、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯和三氯甲烷等挥发性有机物.根据测定的土壤气体浓度,结合Johnson ＆amp;Ettinger（J＆amp;E）侵入模型评估了该废弃场地土壤气中挥发性有机物侵入带来的人体健康风险.风险评估结果表明,SG5与SG6处非致癌风险指数大于1,而10个采样点位中有9个（除SG8处）的单一污染物可接受致癌风险均超过1.0E-6.相对于非致癌风险,致癌风险存在面更加广泛,同时程度也比较严重,在进行场地再开发之前需要考虑场地修复等风险管理措施.     

王坡井田煤层气井采出水处理方法研究

针对王坡井田煤层气井采出水中污染物含量低,仅CODcr超出国家一级排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的特点,采用活性炭吸附处理,然后通过絮凝沉降迅速回收采出水中悬浮活性炭。结果表明:活性炭投加量为3g/L、吸附时间为40 min,PAM投加量为2 mg/L,沉降时间为5 min,活性炭回收率为98.35%,处理后采出水CODcr为45.45 mg/L、SS为7 mg/L,达到国家一级排放标准(GB 8978-1996)。     

超临界CO2回收线路板工艺研究

采用正交试验设计进行了超临界CO₂回收废弃印刷线路板的实验。以温度、压强、时间和夹带剂为实验因素,通过对实验前后样本在重量、厚度、弯曲强度和断裂强度四方面变化的分析考察了各实验因素对实验效果的影响。实验结果表明,影响超临界CO₂法回收印刷线路板的最主要因素为温度、时间和夹带剂,超临界CO₂法回收废弃印刷线路板的最佳工艺条件：温度270℃,压强大于7.38 MPa,时间3 h,夹带剂(水)160 mL。实验进一步验证了压强对实验结果的非显著性影响。     

液晶显示器液晶处理与铟回收技术

在实验室条件下,对液晶显示器回收的各个重要环节作了初步的探索,提出了一整套回收工艺.其中包括利用丙酮常温浸取去除偏光片、分离玻璃基板、溶解液晶,还包括利用硫酸溶液和二氧化锰联合浸取玻璃基板,铟的浸取率达89%.得到的铟的酸液经过萃取、置换和电解,可以得到铟的产品,为液晶显示器的资源化和无害化提供实验数据和技术支持.     

The impact of the 2004 tsunami on coastal Thai communities: assessing adaptive capacity

The suddenness and scale of the 26 December 2004 tsunami and the challenges posed to affected communities highlighted the benefits of their members having a capacity to confront and adapt to the consequences of such a disaster. Research into adaptive capacity or resilience has been conducted almost exclusively with Western populations. This paper describes an exploratory study of the potential of a measure of collective efficacy developed for Western populations to predict the capacity of members of a collective society, Thai citizens affected by the 2004 tsunami, to confront effectively the recovery demands associated with this disaster. Following a demonstration that this measure could predict adaptive capacity, the role of religious affiliation, ethnicity and place of residence in sustaining collective efficacy is discussed. The implications of the findings for future research on, and intervention to develop, adaptive capacity among Thai citizens in particular and collectivist societies in general are discussed.     

Modeling Acidification Recovery on Threatened Ecosystems: Application to the Evaluation of the Gothenburg Protocol in France

To evaluate the acid deposition reduction negotiated for 2010 within the UNECE LRTAP Gothenburg Protocol, sulphur and nitrogen deposition time-series (1880–2100) were compared to critical loads of acidity on five French ecosystems: Massif Central basalt (site 1) and granite (2); Paris Bassin tertiary sands (3); Vosges mountains sandstone (4) and Landes eolian sands (5). The SAFE model was used to estimate the response of soil solution pH and ratio to the deposition scenario. Among the five sites, critical loads were exceeded in the past at sites 3, 4 and 5. Sites 3 and 4 were still expected to exceed in 2010, the Protocol year. Further reduction of atmospheric deposition, mainly nitrogen, would be needed to achieve recovery on these ecosystems. At sites 3, 4 and 5, the delay between the critical load exceedance and the violation of the critical chemical criterion was estimated to be 10 to 30 years in the top soil and 50 to 90 years in the deeper soil. At site 5, a recovery was expected in the top soil in 2010 with a time lag of 10 years. Unexpectedly, soil pH continued to decrease after 1980 in the deeper soil at sites 2 and 5. This time lag indicated that acidification moved down the soil profile as a consequence of slow base cation depletion by ion exchange. This delayed response of the soil solution was the result of the combination of weathering rates and vegetation uptake but also of the relative ratio between base cation deposition and acid compounds.     

Optical and Chemical Methods of Metal Ash Analysis and Tin Recovery

‘Metal ash’ presents a waste disposal problem in most of the developing countries as the industries employ obsolete technologies. In this paper we describe analysis of tin ash, zinc ash and aluminium ash by means of optical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical methods. The results of tin ash obtained by XRD method matched well with the cassiterite, a naturally occurring mineral of tin. ICP-MS studies reveal the presence of a large number of tracer metals, which may cause pollution by tertiary dispersion and this aspect is discussed. Conversely, the data generated by chemical methods are limited. However, the methods are simple and cost-effective. Then, they can easily be adopted by low-budget industries. Simple and cost-effective process to recover tin from tin ash is described. It is based on heating tin ash with sodium cyanide to about 900°C to separate tin component from the metal ash. The process recovers good quality tin and offers a very high yield. The process can be scaled up to small pilot plant.     

草原退化与恢复过程中土壤有机矿质复合体分组研究

对采自处于不同发展方向和阶段的草原土壤分组提取有机矿质复合体,并对它的质量分数、腐殖质质量分数和组成、Ｃ／Ｎ比值等的变化做了分析,试图从土壤复合体变化的角度去认识草原的退化和恢复过程。研究发现土壤腐殖质绝大部分集中于粘粒和粉粒级复合体;退化草原恢复时,复合体腐殖质质量分数增加,并且组成也发生变化;而草原轻度退化时,复合体腐殖质质量分数会减少,但组成不会变化。