文丘里陈尘器喉管结构的优化设计

应用文献中计算压降的公式,得出压降随喉管长度变化的关系;应用William Licht效率公式,得出效率及效率、压降比随喉管长度和喉管气速的变化关系.根据这些关系,得出了在给定效率下压降最小时相应的喉管直径和管长的最佳组合.该结果对于优化文丘里除尘器喉管结构设计、降低能耗和运行成本具有重要意义.     

Effects of injection timing,injector opening pressure and nozzle geometry on the performance of cottonseed oil methyl ester-fuelled diesel engine

Increasing petroleum prices, increasing threat to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming have generated intense international interest in developing renewable and alternative non-petroleum fuels for engines. Evolving technology and a recurring energy crisis necessitates a continuous investigation into the search for sustainable and clean-burning renewable fuels. In this paper, cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME) was used in a four-stroke, single-cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine. Tests were carried out to study the effects of fuel injection timing, fuel injector opening pressure (IOP) and injector nozzle geometry on the performance and combustion of COME biodiesel fuel used in a compression ignition engine with a single fuel mode. Fuel injection timing varied from 19° to 27° before top dead centre (bTDC) in incremental steps of 4° bTDC; fuel IOP varied from 210 to 240 bar in incremental steps of 10 bar. Fuel nozzle injectors with three, four and five holes, each of 0.3 mm size, were selected for the study. The results suggested that with retarded injection timing of 19° bTDC, increased IOP of 230 bar and a four-hole nozzle injector of 0.3 mm size resulted in overall better engine performance with an increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced HC, CO and smoke emission levels.     

车用乙醇汽油和无铅汽油对电喷汽车排放性能的影响

分别对电喷车长时间燃用乙醇汽油、无铅汽油前后的喷油器流量进行了测试,并采用轻型汽车整车排放测试系统对燃用不同油时的主要污染排放物HC、CO和NO_x进行了分析.结果表明:与无铅汽油相比,乙醇汽油能有效降低发动机排放的CO和HC(均约10%)及经过三元催化转化器作用后HC、CO和NO_x的排放,燃用无铅汽油时整车在装有三元催化转化器下的排放达到或接近欧洲1号排放标准,换用乙醇汽油后,CO降低较明显,达30%左右,HC和NO_x分别降低约18%、10%,此时排放在欧洲1号排放标准之上或接近欧洲2号排放标准;乙醇汽油还具有优于无铅汽油的其它性能,如对喷油器有轻微的清净作用,发动机排放的CO和HC恶化趋势较慢,延长三元催化转化器的使用寿命.     

Effect of mixing chamber venturi,injection timing,compression ratio and EGR on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated with HOME and CNG

Stringent environmental policies and the ever increasing demand for energy have triggered interest in novel combustion technologies that use alternative fuels as energy sources. Of these, pilot-ignited compressed natural gas (CNG) engines that employ small biodiesel pilot to ignite a premixed natural gas–air mixture have received considerable attention. This paper discusses the effect of mixing chamber venturi, injection timing, compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated on biodiesel derived from honge oil and is called honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and CNG. The proposed study mainly focuses on the manifold induction of CNG along with HOME injection. However, CNG can also be injected using port or direct gas injector (Lakshmanan and Nagarajan 2010, Energy 35, pp. 3172–3178). The future study will involve these methods of CNG injection. From this study, it is concluded that an advanced injection timing and an increased compression ratio resulted in increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced smoke, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. However, nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) emission increased significantly. The increased NO _x emission was effectively reduced with EGR method. A mixing chamber venturi of 3 mm size, injection timing of 27° before top dead centre (BTDC), compression ratio of 17.5 and 10% EGR were found to be optimum for the modified compression ignition engine that was operated on CNG–HOME dual-fuel mode.     

低压文丘里除尘器在选厂碎矿粉尘治理中的应用

低压文丘里除尘器具有除尘效率高、阻力小、能耗低、安装使用方便等特点 ,在我公司篦子沟矿选厂使用表明 :岗位粉尘浓度小于 2mg m3,外排粉尘浓度小于 6 4.32mg m3,除尘效率达 98.9%     

真空加氯机及氯气吸收系统的应用

水厂应用真空加氯机代替转子加氯机，并设置氯气吸收系统，消除了 氯对环境的污染和对人体的危害，显著提出了出水余氯合格率。     

Applications of Venturi Principle to Water Aeration Systems

The concentration of dissolved oxygen is an important indicator of water quality because aquatic life lives on the dissolved oxygen in the water. Aeration can increase dissolved oxygen when levels become deficient. Hydraulic structures can significantly improve dissolved oxygen levels by creating turbulent conditions where small air bubbles are carried into the bulk of the flow. Recent researches have focused on developing measurement and predictive techniques for oxygen transfer at hydraulic structures to maintain and enhance water quality. However, reviewing existing studies on aeration performance of hydraulic structures, it seems that there are not too many studies on venturi aeration. The present paper shows applications of venturi principle to water aeration systems. The aeration characteristics of venturi nozzle, venturi conduit and venturi weir are analyzed. The results indicate that venturi aeration might contribute significantly to air entrainment and aeration efficiency. Therefore, venturi device can be used as highly effective aerator in aeration processes.     

文丘里洗涤器除尘操作参数的优化设计与工程实践

通过理论分析,对工业文丘里洗涤器的操作参数进行了优化设计,推导出了最佳气速与液气比的计算公式,并已应用于工业生产。     

18CrNi4WA 钢渗碳针阀体开裂失效分析

目的研究18CrNi4WA钢渗碳针阀体开裂失效原因。方法通过化学成分分析、断口扫描分析、金相组织分析、能谱分析等测试手段,对18CrNi4WA钢渗碳针阀体的断裂模式及失效原因进行分析。结果针阀体失效件原始材料符合针阀体制造要求,但渗碳淬火温度过高,未得到最优的渗碳层组织,燃油中存在的硫元素导致喷油孔位置产生严重腐蚀,燃油局部压力的变化导致针阀体表面产生空蚀损伤,裂纹起始于喷油孔圆周面,自裂纹源向外发散呈月牙状,为典型疲劳断裂特征。结论腐蚀与空蚀损伤的协同作用加快裂纹的萌生,使针阀体在热疲劳及机械振动等交变载荷的作用下产生疲劳开裂,使用寿命大为降低。     

蒸汽输送半干半湿法烟气脱硫剂/脱硫灰的研究

半干半湿法烟气脱硫工艺采用锅炉蒸汽作为脱硫剂和循环脱硫灰的输送介质,在分析所输送物料的粒度分布、化学成分以及输送过程中物料性质变化的基础上,自行研制了1套蒸汽输送系统。对这种蒸汽输送系统进行了试验研究,结果表明,在蒸汽压力为0.8MPa,温度为200℃时,文丘里喷射器入料口的真空度最高达0.02MPa。该系统可同时输送石灰和粉煤灰两种不同的物料,在蒸汽消耗量只有120 kg/h的条件下,物料总流量达480 kg/h,输送总体积流量为1 040m3/h。