A voltammetric screening method to determine ronidazole in bovine meat

Abstract

An original voltammetric screening method, employing glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the differential-pulse voltammetry technique (DPV), has been developed to determine residues of the anti-parasitic agent Ronidazole (RNZ) in bovine meat. By using cyclic voltammetry (CV), it has been demonstrated that an irreversible cathodic process occurs at approximately ?0.740?V (vs. Ag|AgCl, KCl 3?mol L^?1) in a 0.100?mol L^?1 phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 as supporting electrolyte. Furthermore, the behavior of RNZ in CV indicates the occurrence of a diffusion mass transfer process to the working electrode surface. The RNZ reduction mechanism was proposed as a 6-electron transfer, similar to Metronidazole under the same pH range. Quantification of RNZ and method validation were then carried out by DPV. The relative standard deviation (RSD) were 3.21% for intraday precision of 10 consecutive repetitions and 6.78% for interday precision after five analysis. Limits of detection and quantification were also obtained, and the values were 0.107 and 0.358?mg kg^?1, respectively. The recovery percentage for three different concentrations of RNZ in the bovine meat matrix ranged between 98.1% and 100.3%. The method proved to be efficient for screening RNZ in bovine meat.     

高速气流法低温固相合成聚苯胺类聚合物研究

聚苯胺和聚2,5-二甲氧基苯胺具有很好的电化学性能、光学性能等,广泛应用于电致变色显示器、化学传感器、抗静电涂层及太阳能电池等领域。不同于传统的机械化学合成法,首次应用高速气流法低温固相合成了聚苯胺和聚2,5-二甲氧基苯胺,同时用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对两种聚合物进行了表征;此外,测试了两种聚合物的循环伏安特性,结果表明,两者均具有较好的电化学性能。相比于传统的机械化学合成法,高速气流法低温固相合成能够高效快速、连续循环制备聚苯胺类化合物,而且此方法具有操作简便、高效率、低能耗、安全性好和绿色环保等优点,可应用于诸多领域。     

Pd-Ni/GC电极电化学还原水中三氯甲烷的研究

通过电沉积法在玻碳板(GC)电极上负载钯镍双金属,并利用正交实验对其进行循环伏安(CV)研究. CV结果表明,钯镍双金属比钯、镍单金属具有更大的氢吸附峰值,可以在- 500 mV(以Hg/Hg2SO4 为参比电极)左右获得- 24.83 mA的氢吸附峰.扫描电镜分析(SEM)表明,镍的加入改变了钯颗粒在GC表面的分布形态,钯镍双金属颗粒形貌明显不同于钯、镍单金属颗粒,钯镍双金属颗粒粒径介于钯、镍单金属颗粒粒径之间.实验考察了脱氯电流、脱氯时间对三氯甲烷去除率的影响.三氯甲烷的去除率随脱氯电流的增大而增大,随脱氯时间的延长而提高.在优化条件下制备的Pd-Ni/GC电极在0.5 mA、180 min的脱氯条件下对三氯甲烷的去除率为42.53%.可以推测,随着脱氯时间的继续延长,三氯甲烷去除率可得到进一步提高.     

Influence of phytoplankton on complexing capacity of seawater†

Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) was employed to measure Apparent Copper Complexing Capacity (L_t) and Stability Constants (K_s) of related cupric complexes of cell exudates of the phytoplanktonic alga Dunaliella salina. Three natural seawater samples collected 0.1, 2, 5 miles off the Tyrrhenian coast were used as culture medium. The measurements were carried out 1h and 7 days after the inoculum. Furthermore, on one culture the medium was passed through C₁₈‐SEP‐PAK cartridges in order to separate the cell exudates. The results show that Dunaliella salina influences the value of L_t but does not affect the value of K_s . The C₁₈SEP‐PAK retain only 50% of the ligands produced by the cells and capable of complexing copper.     

Tessaria absinthioides: a possible bio‐monitor for Cd,Pb, and Cu,in the middle and lower basin of the loa river,North Chile

Some ecotoxic metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cu in Tessaria absinthioides were quantified to study its possible use as a bio‐indicator and/or bio‐monitor of these metals. This plant was chosen for its abundance in the area under study, along Chile and even in southern Latin America. For Cd, Pb, and Cu in all three parts of the plant (leaves, stems and roots) a different concentration pattern in each sampling areas was observed. In sampling areas Coya Sur and La Cascada copper and cadmium concentration decrease in order: leaves > roots > stems. In samples collected in Xalquincha the lowest concentrations of Cd and Pb were observed in stems. A maximum of cadmium concentration (9ug/gd.w. in leaves) was found in samples from La Cascada, a inflow to river Loa in Calama. High concentrations of lead were found in roots and leaves. Collected data demonstrate that the main pathway for cadmium is from ground water via roots into the plant. Some data obtained for lead and copper indicate that the influence of dust particles adsorbed on leaves and stems can be higher than uptake from ground water.     

复合纳米微粒修饰碳糊电极方波伏安法检测水中甲基对硫磷

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米ZrO2,将其混合在石墨粉和碳纳米管（CNTs）中,利用硅油做粘合剂,制得一次性有机磷农药（OPs）检测碳糊电极（CNTs/ZrO2│CPE）,并对水中甲基对硫磷（MP）进行了检测.采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线荧光光谱（XRFS）表征电极的制备过程,采用循环伏安（CV）法和方波伏安（SWV）法...     

Concentrations of cadmium and lead heavy metals in Dardanelles seawater

Cadmium and lead were determined simultaneously in seawater by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) preceded by adsoptive collection of complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). In preliminary experiments the optimal analytical condition for oxine concentration was found to be 2.10⁻⁵ M, at pH 7.7, the accumulation potential was −1.1 V, and the initial scannig potential was −0.8 V. The peak potentials were found −0.652 V for Cd and −0.463 V for Pb At the 60 s accumalation time. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitatification (LOQ) were found to be by voltammetry as 0.588 and 1.959 μg l⁻¹ (RSD, 5.50%) for Cd and 0.931 and 3.104 μg l⁻¹ (RSD, 4.10%) for Pb at 60 s stirred accumulation time respectively. In these conditions the most of the seawater samples are amenable for direct voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead using a HMDE. An adsorptive stripping mechanism of the electrode reaction was proposed. For the comparison, seawater samples were also analysed by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES). The applied voltammetric technique was validated and good recoveries were obtained.     

Determination of Nitrobenzene in Wastewater Using a Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode

The determination of trace amount nitrobenzene in wastewater on a hanging mercury drop electrode was studied. The determination conditions of pH, supporting electrolyte, accumulation potential, accumulation time, and voltammetric response were optimized. The sharp peak of the nitrobenzene was appeared at 0.05 V. The peak electric current was proportional to the concentration of nitrobenzene in the range of 1.47 × 10⁻⁵ ∼ 1.0 × 10⁻³ mol/l with relative standard deviations of 3.99 ∼ 8.94%. The detection limit of the nitrobenzene in water was 5 × 10⁻⁶ mol/l. The proposed method offered low limit of determination, easy operation, the use of simple instrumentation, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. It was applied to the determination of nitrobenzene in wastewater with an average recovery of 94.0% ∼ 105%. The proposed method provided fast, sensitive and sometimes real time detection of nitrobenzene.     

人工神经网络用于铅的化学形态模拟计算

用前馈线性网络法求解水体系中Ｐｂ（２＋）与ＯＨ－之间的反应常数，不同训练算法对求解结果的精度、收敛速度及权值均有影响．结果表明，批处理算法的精度最好，权值不出现负值，但运算时间最长；在线算法的精度虽不如批处理算法，而比数据变换－在线算法好，权值有时会出现负值．运算时间较长；数据变换－在线算法的优点是运算时间短，但相对误差较大，权值出现负值的机会多。采用反馈网络模拟计算铅的各种化学形态的浓度．用物料核算的方法对反馈网络模型进行检验表明，此种模型用于平衡计算是可行的，详细分析了理论模拟和实验曲线的差异的原因，温度的影响最小，在４＜ｐＨ＜９时，ＣＯ有重要的影响．在国代检验时，ｎ值取整所引入的误差的影响亦不可忽视。从本文的结果可以看到，采用前馈网络和反馈网络相结合的方法考察水体中的化学形态是可行的．从而为解决这一类问题提供了一种可能的途径．     

二氧化铅电极的制备、表征及其电催化性能研究

以电沉积法制备了Ti/PbO2和Ti/MnO2/PbO22种电极.采用SEM、XRD和XPS等分析方法表征了电极的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态,并以罗丹明B为目标有机物,考察了所制备电极的析氧极化曲线和电催化活性以及Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的循环伏安曲线.研究结果表明,Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的稳定性、使用寿命、析氧电位和电催化活性较Ti/PbO2电极都有所提高,并且罗丹明B在Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极上的反应主要发生在析氧反应区,且反应不可逆.