北京市建筑废弃物资源化利用研究与项目示范

针对北京市建筑废弃物产量大、资源化利用率低的问题,分析了北京市建筑废弃物的来源、产量、组分及处理现状,阐述了建筑废弃物资源化利用途径和资源化利用工艺,介绍了朝阳区建筑废弃物资源化示范项目建设情况,给出了北京市建筑废弃物资源化利用设施建设合理建议。     

改造集散市场 建设新型再生资源回收利用体系

目前“三位一体”（回收网点→分拣中心→集散市场）回收体系模式,因集散市场功能单一、产业链短,不能带动行业走向产业化。回收网点建设适应我国国情,而集散市场成为先进的完整的回收体系的短板。按照示范基地建设标准,把集散市场改造升级为拥有深加工利用产业链,拥有平台支撑优势,能够进行资源的规模化高值化利用的产业园区。把回收和利用两大产业板块融合一体,是再生资源产业化的发展方向。     

全废砖再生轻骨料混凝土试验研究

将废粘土砖加工成粗细骨料,用于配制全废砖再生轻骨料混凝土.检测结果表明：所用废砖粗细骨料属轻骨料范畴,但其吸水率较大,且细骨料级配不良.试验表明：本试验配合比体系中,净水灰比为0.42,体积砂率为50％时最佳;以全废砖配制的再生砖轻骨料混凝土的强度发展规律与普通轻骨料混凝土类似,均有随水泥用量提高而强度提高的趋势,但随着所配制的混凝土强度等级的提高,再生轻骨料混凝土的强度提高趋势下降.以全废砖为骨料适合配制强度等级LC30及以下的再生轻骨料混凝土.     

再生资源产业发展的战略思考与对策建议

再生资源产业对于破解我国资源环境约束、推动新型城镇化建设和促进产业结构调整具有重要的支撑作用.但是我国再生资源产业处于发展初期,面临管理体系不善、技宋鬟备落后、产业规 缺位和产业政策不清等突出问题.对此,提出六点具体建议,包括：加强立法和产业发展的顶层设计,构建再生资源高效回收体系,推动技术装备升级和推广,完善配套财税政策,强化产业规划统筹和部门政策衔接,加强与新型城镇化建设的融合等.     

小型废弃电器电子产品精细拆解与资源化利用初步探讨

随着工业化进程和社会生活的丰富,各种小型电器电子产品不断问世,相关废弃产品的拆解和资源化利用已经成为资源综合利用的重要课题.基于其分类与回收利用现状,就国内精细拆解与资源化利用问题进行了探讨,并以废弃手机为例,就处理原则、工艺流程设置和高值利用方法提出了一些建议.     

我国废铅蓄电池产生量与再生铅产能的讨论

废铅蓄电池是再生铅主要原料,铅蓄电池产量、进出口量、社会消费保有量,以及铅蓄电池消费使用领域与废铅蓄电池产生量有关。预测2015年废铅蓄电池产生量,并讨论我国再生铅产能规模,供再生铅产业结构调整与区域布局调整作参考。     

浅谈我国旧衣服回收及再利用

随着人们生活水平的提高,服装更新速度越来越快,废旧衣服既污染环境,其再利用价值也没有发挥出来.把循环经济中的“3R原则”应用到废旧衣服回收中,以发挥废旧衣服的最大价值.     

Determination of specific gravity of municipal solid waste

This investigation was conducted to evaluate experimental determination of specific gravity (G_s) of municipal solid waste (MSW). Water pycnometry, typically used for testing soils was adapted for testing MSW using a large flask with 2000 mL capacity and specimens with 100–350 g masses. Tests were conducted on manufactured waste samples prepared using US waste constituent components; fresh wastes obtained prior and subsequent to compaction at an MSW landfill; and wastes obtained from various depths at the same landfill. Factors that influence specific gravity were investigated including waste particle size, compaction, and combined decomposition and stress history. The measured average specific gravities were 1.377 and 1.530 for as-prepared/uncompacted and compacted manufactured wastes, respectively; 1.072 and 1.258 for uncompacted and compacted fresh wastes, respectively; and 2.201 for old wastes. The average organic content and degree of decomposition were 77.2% and 0%, respectively for fresh wastes and 22.8% and 88.3%, respectively for old wastes. The G_s increased with decreasing particle size, compaction, and increasing waste age. For fresh wastes, reductions in particle size and compaction caused occluded intraparticle pores to be exposed and waste particles to be deformed resulting in increases in specific gravity. For old wastes, the high G_s resulted from loss of biodegradable components that have low G_s as well as potential access to previously occluded pores and deformation of particles due to both degradation processes and applied mechanical stresses. The G_s was correlated to the degree of decomposition with a linear relationship. Unlike soils, the G_s for MSW was not unique, but varied in a landfill environment due both to physical/mechanical processes and biochemical processes. Specific gravity testing is recommended to be conducted not only using representative waste composition, but also using representative compaction, stress, and degradation states.     

Using multivariate regression modeling for sampling and predicting chemical characteristics of mixed waste in old landfills

Municipal solid waste landfills pose a threat on environment and human health, especially old landfills which lack facilities for collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate. Consequently, missing information about emission flows prevent site-specific environmental risk assessments. To overcome this gap, the combination of waste sampling and analysis with statistical modeling is one option for estimating present and future emission potentials. Optimizing the tradeoff between investigation costs and reliable results requires knowledge about both: the number of samples to be taken and variables to be analyzed.This article aims to identify the optimized number of waste samples and variables in order to predict a larger set of variables. Therefore, we introduce a multivariate linear regression model and tested the applicability by usage of two case studies. Landfill A was used to set up and calibrate the model based on 50 waste samples and twelve variables. The calibrated model was applied to Landfill B including 36 waste samples and twelve variables with four predictor variables.The case study results are twofold: first, the reliable and accurate prediction of the twelve variables can be achieved with the knowledge of four predictor variables (Loi, EC, pH and Cl). For the second Landfill B, only ten full measurements would be needed for a reliable prediction of most response variables. The four predictor variables would exhibit comparably low analytical costs in comparison to the full set of measurements. This cost reduction could be used to increase the number of samples yielding an improved understanding of the spatial waste heterogeneity in landfills.Concluding, the future application of the developed model potentially improves the reliability of predicted emission potentials. The model could become a standard screening tool for old landfills if its applicability and reliability would be tested in additional case studies.     

磷石膏水热法合成硫酸钙晶须

以磷石膏为原料,二水合硫酸钙、硫酸镁、甘油为添加剂,采用水热法合成硫酸钙晶须,考察了料浆含量、反应温度、反应时间、体系pH等因素对晶须的直径和长径比的影响;并采用SEM技术观察硫酸钙晶须的形貌。实验结果表明,当磷石膏含量2.5%（w）、反应温度130 ℃、反应时间4 h、体系pH 4时,制备得到的硫酸钙晶须长径比为56.24,平均直径为0.17 μm。SEM表征结果显示,硫酸钙晶须形貌规整、分散均匀、直径较小,达百纳米级。