脱除SO2活性炭的再生方法

分别用溶剂和气体对脱除SO2后失活的活性炭进行了再生。在固定床反应器上考察了再生后活性炭的脱硫性能。实验结果表明：用溶剂再生时,质量分数为60％的HNO3溶液的再生效果最好,活性炭的再生率达到80％以上。用气体再生时,400℃左右时的再生效果最好,活性炭的再生率达到70％以上。再生后活性炭的比表面积和pH是衡量活性炭再生效果的重要参数。在实际脱硫生产中,用H2O对失活活性炭进行反复洗涤再生,是一种经济、实用的方法,活性炭的再生率达60％以上。     

矿物材料对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响研究

在试验的基础上研究了3种矿物材料膨润土、斜发沸石、粉煤灰对富含钠离子的餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程的影响.结果表明,在发酵温度为35℃、底物固含量(TS)为10%、添加物用量为1%(质量分数,以消化底物计)时,膨润土、沸石粉、粉煤灰对含盐餐厨垃圾的厌氧发酵消化液中的钠离子具有良好的吸附性能,吸附率分别为13.75%、10.11%、7.99%.在未使用无机矿物的情况下,当钠离子浓度为3000～4000mg·L-1时,含盐餐厨垃圾的的厌氧消化过程受到Na 离子的明显抑制.从产气量分析,3种矿物材料均能明显促进餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化过程,与空白对照试组相比,膨润土、斜发沸石、粉煤灰分别使产气量提高了131%、82%和45%.三者对甲烷气产量的促进影响强弱顺序是,膨润土＞斜发沸石＞粉煤灰.初步讨论了这3种矿物材料提高餐厨垃圾厌氧消化甲烷产量的作用机理.     

城市生活垃圾热解产气特性的试验研究

在外热式固定床试验台上,针对城市生活垃圾中的典型组分,进行了不同条件下的热解试验研究。试验测量不同条件下产物的产气量和产气速率,分析了热解气的组分和气体热值。分析发现,物料的挥发分、加热方式以及热解终温等对产气影响大,随温度的增加产气中H2含量逐渐增多,C2H4和C2H6的含量逐渐下降,气体热值有一个最大值。     

生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物气体研究进展

生物过滤法是一种高效、廉价的废气处理技术。介绍了近年来生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)气体的研究进展。重点讨论了生物过滤法处理VOCs气体的性能、影响因素和运行模拟等内容。     

生物膜填料塔SO2废气净化性能研究

采用生物膜填料塔净化SO2废气,研究结果表明:当气体流量从100L/h增加到300L/h时,SO2净化效率由86.4%下降到73.2%;生化去除量随着入口SO2气体浓度的升高而增大;随着温度的升高,SO2净化效率和生化去除量都随之提高,且20℃以上时,净化效率可达90.9%以上,生化去除量可达75 mg/L·h以上,更利于微生物降解SO2.     

The effects of leachate recirculation with supplemental water addition on methane production and waste decomposition in a simulated tropical landfill

In order to increase methane production efficiency, leachate recirculation is applied in landfills to increase moisture content and circulate organic matter back into the landfill cell. In the case of tropical landfills, where high temperature and evaporation occurs, leachate recirculation may not be enough to maintain the moisture content, therefore supplemental water addition into the cell is an option that could help stabilize moisture levels as well as stimulate biological activity. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of leachate recirculation and supplemental water addition on municipal solid waste decomposition and methane production in three anaerobic digestion reactors. Anaerobic digestion with leachate recirculation and supplemental water addition showed the highest performance in terms of cumulative methane production and the stabilization period time required. It produced an accumulated methane production of 54.87 l/kg dry weight of MSW at an average rate of 0.58 l/kg dry weight/d and reached the stabilization phase on day 180. The leachate recirculation reactor provided 17.04 l/kg dry weight at a rate of 0.14l/kg dry weight/d and reached the stabilization phase on day 290. The control reactor provided 9.02 l/kg dry weight at a rate of 0.10 l/kg dry weight/d, and reached the stabilization phase on day 270. Increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) after the waste had reached the stabilization phase made it possible to increase the methane content of the gas, the methane production rate, and the COD removal. Comparison of the reactors' efficiencies at maximum OLR (5 kgCOD/m(3)/d) in terms of the methane production rate showed that the reactor using leachate recirculation with supplemental water addition still gave the highest performance (1.56 l/kg dry weight/d), whereas the leachate recirculation reactor and the control reactor provided 0.69 l/kg dry weight/d and 0.43 l/kg dry weight/d, respectively. However, when considering methane composition (average 63.09%) and COD removal (average 90.60%), slight differences were found among these three reactors.     

利用废渣盐石膏制作轻型墙体材料

研究利用海盐化工产生的废渣盐石膏经过一定工艺处理,生产轻型墙体材料盐石膏空心条板,该产品与天然石膏空心条板相比,原料采用及生产工艺都有较大改进,生产成本却大幅度下降。经测试,该产品完全可替代天然石膏空心条板,技术性能指标达到了国家规定的相关标准。     

UASB法处理城市生活垃圾焚烧场渗滤液

垃圾焚烧场的渗滤液具有pH低、污染成分复杂、COD_(Cr)浓度高、可生化性好等特点。本研究探索了UASB法处理焚烧场渗滤液时的快速启动方法,考察了水力停留时间、容积负荷对COD_(Cr)去除率的影响及产气量与COD_(Cr)去除率的关系,结果表明,在水力停留时间6d、容积负荷5kg/(m3.d)的情况下,COD_(Cr)去除率可达到93%,每升原水产气量可达22.5L,折合热值492.7kJ。     

废弃物燃烧生成的可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的排放特性

将木粉、谷壳、甘蔗渣、垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)四种废弃物在两种过量空气系数下进行燃烧,采集其烟气中的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品并分析,获得了颗粒物中多环芳烃的质量分数和排放特性,并对不同环数的芳烃进行了比较,最后分析了不同样品中的多环芳烃的毒性参数.     

pH值与乙酸对易腐有机垃圾水解过程的抑制

通过外部添加水解酶比较和区分pH值和乙酸对水解的影响,结果表明:以固相挥发性固体和元素碳的减少以及液相有机碳的增加表征水解率,在pH=7时最大,144h的水解率可达66.9%;与pH=7相比,pH=8-9时,水解率降低8%-24%;pH=5-6,水解率降低40%-60%.20g·l-1乙酸的加入抑制了水解,在不同pH值条件下与不添加乙酸的水解相比,抑制程度为2%-35%,pH=7时乙酸的抑制最显著,可达35%.颗粒态物料的水解过程动力学符合Chen-Hashimoto公式.