日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状Ⅲ.日本废弃物的试验分析方法体系(C)产业废弃物的分析方法

本文简要介绍了日本产业废弃物的监测分析方法     

Adsorptive efficacy analysis of lignocellulosic waste carbonaceous adsorbents toward different mercury species

Adsorptive efficacy of lignocellulosic waste char (LW-CHAR) and activated carbon (LW-AC) toward inorganic (Hg²⁺) and organic (MeHg⁺) mercury ions was studied. The LW-CHAR and LW-AC were, respectively, prepared by carbonization and KOH activation processes of lignocellulosic waste (LW) carried out at 700 °C. The Hg²⁺ adsorption onto the LW-CHAR was lower than LW-AC, however, an opposite result was observed for the MeHg⁺ indicating the nature of the surface interactions of both mercury ions to respective adsorbent surfaces was significantly different. The adsorption data analysis of both mercury ions was found however to only follow the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models whereby a combination of chemisorption and diffusional process was the governing mercury ions adsorption mechanism.     

云南省农村有机废物资源量及其沼气潜力的概算研究

按１９９４年的生产水平计，统计概算了云南省农作物秸秆、禽畜粪和人粪尿三类农村有机废弃物的资源量及其沼气潜力。目前，我省每年的沼气潜力为１００亿立方米，其中，每年可产生各种农作物秸秆达２０００多万吨，６０％可用作沼气发酵原料，能生产沼气２５２亿立方米；产生各种粪便１８多亿吨，可生产沼气７５亿立方米。按我省７００万农户计，户均拥有沼气资源１４３０立方米。     

水产养殖废物厌氧水解液反硝化性能研究

养殖废物经过厌氧水解处理 ,其上清液中含有反硝化菌可以利用的有机物 ,分别对厌氧水解上清液和养殖废水进行反硝化处理 ,测定得到各自的反硝化速率分别为 0 0 13d- 1 和 0 0 0 17d- 1 ,表明利用厌氧水解液进行反硝化处理 ,可以极大提高养殖废水的反硝化处理效率     

废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料改性产品在水处理中的应用

以废聚苯乙烯汇沫塑料为原料，在一定条件下，合成水溶性高分子聚合物聚苯乙烯碘酸钠（NaPSS)。对3种工业废水的混凝沉降试验表明：NaPSS能提高沉降速度30％～60％，助凝性能较接近PAM，在一定程度上可替代PAM。     

太铜热连轧水处理泥系列改造新工艺

新工艺引入"一机两用"和"以废治废"的思想进行系统改造,实现改造后污泥处理系统的良性循环,根除了污泥外排的局面,降低了成本,节约了费用,创造了良好的社会效益和环境效益.     

国内外固体、危险废物概念比较研究

关于固体、危险废物的概念,各国在法律上对固体、危险废物的定义各不相同,但同时又存在共同特点.如果对各国固体、危险废物最基本的概念进行分析,理解固体、危险废物概念的内涵,可以看出我国对固体废物、危险废物的定义仍存在不足和需要进一步完善.     

Conversion of organic carbon in the decomposable organic wastes in anaerobic lysimeters under different temperatures

The quantitative fractions of conversion of organic carbon in the decomposable organic wastes with initial moisture of 70% sorted from municipal solid wastes(MSW)in lysimeters into biogas,leachate and solid residue were characterized,under temperatures of 25,30 and 41℃,respectively,and circulation of leachate generated within the lysimeters.It is found that 27% of organic carbon in the wastes are conversed into gases,0.8% into leachate,and the other 72% remained in the decomposable solid residues,after 180 days‘ degradation at 41℃. Higher temperature will lead to monr rapid degradation and result to higher conversion of the organic carbon to biogas and lower to boty solid residues and leachate,while the pollutant concentrations in leachate will be lower at a higher temperature and values of COD are quite consistent with TOC.     

农业废弃物对土壤中N_2O、CO_2释放和土壤氮素转化及pH的影响

用一种丹麦农业土壤作为供试材料，在室内培养条件下探讨了施用４种常见农业废弃物（猪粪泥浆、牛粪泥浆、黑麦秸秆、小麦秸秆）对土壤中Ｎ_２Ｏ、ＣＯ_２释放和土壤氮素转化及ｐＨ的影响。试验结果表明，施用４种农业废物均会明显增加Ｎ_２Ｏ、ＣＯ_２释放量。培养２周后，土壤中Ｎ_２Ｏ的释放量分别为：猪粪＞牛粪＞黑麦秸秆＞小麦秸秆；ＣＯ_２的释放量为：黑麦秸秆＞小麦秸秆＞牛粪＞猪粪。施用４种农业废物均会显著促进ＮＯ_３－Ｎ的转化和ＮＨ_４－Ｎ、ＮＯ_２－Ｎ的累积。施用４种废物均会改变土壤ｐＨ，其中施用秸秆的２个处理中ｐＨ显著降低，但施用牲畜粪便的２个处理中ｐＨ则稍微升高。     

国内外固体、危险废物概念比较研究

关于固体、危险废物的概念，各国在法律上对固体、危险废物的定义各不相同，但同时又存在共同特．最。如果对各国固体、危险废物最基本的概念进行分析，理解固体、危险废物概念的内涵，可以看出我国对固体废物、危险废物的定义仍存在不足和需要进一步完善。