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551.
552.
The current status of the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes in China is summarized on the basis of the results of
the Declaring and Registration Project initiated nationally in 1995. A principle framework for the sound management of hazardous
wastes is proposed, which includes three levels of technical solutions. Large-scale enterprises are encouraged to recycle,
to treat, and to dispose of wastes by means of constructing facilities, and to have their extra capacities available to the
public for a reasonable fee. Municipal governments, provincial governments, and the Central Government are to plan and construct
centralized facilities to recycle, treat, and dispose of wastes. For a solution at the manufacturing level, recycling is identified
as the main approach. Centralized facilities at the municipal level will mainly focus on special wastes that are unsuitable
to transport and store, such as hospital waste, and for the technical solution at this level, incineration and recycling are
identified as the main approaches. For the technical solution at the provincial and national levels, landfill and incineration
are identified as the main approaches. Based on this principle and the current available data on hazardous wastes, a preliminary
plan for the spatial distribution of cross-provincial centralized treatment and disposal facilities of hazardous wastes is
presented. The construction of approximately nine cross-provincial comprehensive facilities is proposed. A priority list for
the construction of these planned facilities is also presented. 相似文献
553.
Eiji?FujimoriEmail author Kazuaki?Minamoto Seiko?Iwata Koichi?Chiba Hiroki?Haraguchi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(1):73-79
The elemental composition of the industrial waste incineration bottom ash (IWIBA) samples collected from three different types of incinerator with different kinds of wastes were compared. The major-to-ultratrace elements in the IWIBA samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As a result, ca. 40 elements in the concentration range from milligrams per gram to submicrograms per gram could be determined with relative standard deviations of less than 5%. The IWIBA sample from petrochemical wastes contained lower concentrations of the elements, because fewer mineral constituents were contained in the input waste materials. On the contrary, the elemental concentrations in the IWIBA sample from industrial solid wastes provided the highest values for most elements, while the elemental compositions of the IWIBA sample from food wastes were similar to those of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. In addition, it was found from the analytical results that the levels of various heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Zr, Mo, Sb, Ba, and Pb were higher in the IWIBA samples than in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. The enrichment factors of the elements in the IWIBA samples were estimated from the analytical results to compare the elemental distributions in incineration bottom ashes in relation to their mining influence factors, which are the indices for human use of the elements. 相似文献
554.
555.
Environmental monitoring of heavy metals and arsenic from Ag-Pb-Zn mining: a case study over two millennia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2000 years of mining activity at Wiesloch, Germanyleft behind a legacy of mining wastes, some of which haveextremely high contents of toxic elements like As, Cd, Tl,Sb, Pb and Zn. To evaluate their long-term impact ondifferent environmental compartments, the detailedenvironmental monitoring presented here focused on themineralogical and chemical characterization of thedifferent waste materials, consisting of dumpings with orefragments, flotation tailings and medieval metallurgicalslags. Leaching experiments with these materials, usingeluents of different compositions and pHs were carried outto assess the conditions governing the mobilization and re-fixation of these species. It was shown, that the carbonatehost rock of the mineralization, the loess blanket coveringthe area and the organically rich municipal sewage sludgesdeposited on top of the tailings, represent potentialbarriers to the dispersion of toxic elements over a muchlarger area. Moreover, particulate emissions from thesteep, unvegetated escarpments of the tailing heapsrepresent a continuous thread to the environment. 相似文献
556.
Aysen Müezzino
lu 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1998,6(3-4)
Cotton textile manufacturing operations cause air pollution. Air pollutants are generated by fossil fuel fired combustors due to their flues and/or a variety of chemicals in use for production. Excessive use of chemicals can be stopped or minimized by replacing them or by optimizing the production processes. Energy and water conservation are important goals in textile workplaces as well. There is substantial research and development to minimize pollution potentials of textile operations. In this paper air polluting potentials of cotton textile manufacturing operations are discussed and some quantitative examples are given for evaluating the risks to the environment. Studied impacts to environment cover direct discharges into the ambient air as well as the workplace atmosphere. Further studies are recommended for minimizing the impacts to the local and global air quality due to cotton textile production facilities. 相似文献
557.
Gross pathologies were recorded in a total of 5942 individual common dab (Limanda limanda L.) at 5 sites in and around Dutch coastal waters, in spring, from 1986 to 1988. Two of these sites (an offshore dumping ground and an inshore site influenced by direct river discharge) received large quantities of diluted acids of titanium dioxide waste (TDW); the other three were selected as reference sites for comparison.
The main diseases recorded were epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma, lymphocystis, liver nodules (pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions), and infections caused by the protozoan Glugea sp. Frequencies of disease were analysed using a logit model. There was a consistently high prevalence of epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma in dab from the two sites that received TDW when compared to the other sites. However, no dear relationships were found between the prevalence of epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma and dumping-associated heavy metals or other relevant environmental and biological factors. No significant spatial trend was revealed for liver nodules, although there was a statistically significant association between the occurrence of epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma or of lymphocystis and that of liver nodules in individual fish. Prevalences of lymphocystis were usually higher at offshore sites than in inshore areas, while prevalences of Glugea showed the opposite trend.
Although at first sight the pattern of disease prevalence would appear to furnish a strong case for a cause-and-effect relationship between TDW and epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma, interpretation of the data is complicated by interference from riverine inputs, long-distance dispersion of discharged wastes, local hydrographic conditions, and possible local migration of dab. On the basis of present results, therefore, the possibility that discharges of TDW contributed to the occurrence of this disease cannot be proven or discounted. 相似文献
The main diseases recorded were epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma, lymphocystis, liver nodules (pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions), and infections caused by the protozoan Glugea sp. Frequencies of disease were analysed using a logit model. There was a consistently high prevalence of epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma in dab from the two sites that received TDW when compared to the other sites. However, no dear relationships were found between the prevalence of epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma and dumping-associated heavy metals or other relevant environmental and biological factors. No significant spatial trend was revealed for liver nodules, although there was a statistically significant association between the occurrence of epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma or of lymphocystis and that of liver nodules in individual fish. Prevalences of lymphocystis were usually higher at offshore sites than in inshore areas, while prevalences of Glugea showed the opposite trend.
Although at first sight the pattern of disease prevalence would appear to furnish a strong case for a cause-and-effect relationship between TDW and epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma, interpretation of the data is complicated by interference from riverine inputs, long-distance dispersion of discharged wastes, local hydrographic conditions, and possible local migration of dab. On the basis of present results, therefore, the possibility that discharges of TDW contributed to the occurrence of this disease cannot be proven or discounted. 相似文献
558.
我国固体废物处理利用行业发展分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国环境保护产业协会固体废物处理利用委员会 《中国环保产业》2004,(12):34-36
本文介绍了我国固体废物处理行业现状以及业内新技术开发、市场发展及骨干企业状况。 相似文献
559.
Conversion of leather wastes to useful products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Onur Ylmaz I. Cem Kantarli Mithat Yuksel Mehmet Saglam Jale Yanik 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2007,49(4):436-448
The main objective of the present study is to investigate the production of useful materials from different kinds of leather waste. Three different types of tannery wastes (chromium- and vegetable-tanned shavings, and buffing dust) were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor at temperatures of 450 and 600 °C under N2 atmosphere. Gas, oil, ammonium carbonate and carboneous residue were obtained by pyrolysis. The effect of temperature and type of leather waste on product distribution of pyrolysis was investigated. Buffing dust gave the highest yield of oil (ca. 23%), while other wastes recorded yields of ca. 9%. Results of elemental analysis and column chromatography showed that pyrolysis oils could be used as fuel or chemical feedstock after re-treatment. The yields of carboneous residue (chars) were between 37.5% and 48.5% and their calorific value was between 4300 and 6000 kcal kg−1, suitable for use as solid fuel. In addition, these chars were activated by CO2 to obtain the activated carbon. The activated carbon having highest surface area (799.5 m2 g−1) was obtained from chromium-tanned shavings. Activated carbons prepared from chromium-tanned leather were presented as an adsorbant for the adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution. 相似文献
560.
John T. Turk 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(1):75-80
ABSTRACT: Water samples collected from 14 underground coal mines in Colorado were analyzed for major dissolved constituents. The data indicate the water quality of 13 of the samples has developed by the interaction of calcite saturated ground water with sodium rich marine shales. Those samples that displayed evidence of being most completely reacted were composed almost entirely of sodium and bicarbonate ions and had a calcium to sodium activity ratio of 0.16, similar to that of seawater. The one sample that was not saturated with respect to calcite was saturated with respect to gypsum. The dissolved solids concentration attainable by dissolution of gypsum is much less than that attainable by the calcite marine shale equilibration, or approximately 2,500 milligrams per liter. By considering the maximum predicted concentrations of dissolved solids in relation to promulgated water quality criteria, it is possible to predict the hazards of reuse of this mine drainage. The primary problems would be damage or destruction of crops if the drainage water was used for irrigation. In addition, some samples contained concentrations of chloride and sulfate in excess of recommended standards for public water supplies. 相似文献