饮食业污水排污费征收办法的研究

在分析了当前饮食业排污收费现状和存在问题的基础上，提出了一种较易操作的排污费征收办法，并认为这种征收办法在实践上是可行的。     

上海新城区构建湿地处理污水的经济技术分析

根据上海市郊新城区发展规模以及绿地规划，从构建湿地处理污水的效果、投资和运行费用以及与市郊新城区绿地景观系统规划相容性方面进行了经济技术分析。分析结果表明：上海市郊新城区利用构建湿地建设生活污水处理系统，基本可以满足污水综合排放标准的要求，不但技术上可行，经济上更节省，而且能够与新城区绿地系统、亲水景观的规划建设有机结合。     

Steady performance of a zero valent iron packed anaerobic reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment under variable influent quality

Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to help create an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of anaerobic treatment. Based on this idea, a novel ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ZVI-UASB) reactor was developed to treat azo dye wastewater with variable influent quality. The results showed that the reactor was less influenced by increases of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1000 to 7000 mg/L in the feed than a reference UASB reactor without the ZVI. The ZVI decreased oxidation-reduction potential in the reactor by about 80 mV. Iron ion dissolution from the ZVI could buffer acidity in the reactor, the amount of which was related to the COD concentration. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test showed the abundance of methanogens in the sludge of the ZVI-UASB reactor was significantly greater than that of the reference one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the ZVI increased the diversity of microbial strains responsible for high efficiency.     

Operating condition influences on PCDD/Fs emissions from sinter pot tests with hot flue gas recycling

This study was designed to clarify the influence of operating conditions on the formation and emissions of polychlorinated-pdibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from a sintering process with hot flue gas recycling. A pilot scale sinter pot with simulated flue gas recycling was developed, and four key operational parameters, including temperature, oxygen content of the simulated waste flue gas, the coke rate of the sintering mixture, and the quicklime quality, were selected for exploring PCDD/Fs formation. The results showed that the temperature of the recycled flue gas had a major affect on PCDD/Fs formation, and a high temperature could significantly increase their formation during sintering. A clear linear correlation between the temperature of recycling flue gas and PCDD/Fs emission (r = 0.93) was found. PCDD/Fs could be reduced to a certain extent by decreasing the level of oxygen in the recycled flue gas, while sintering quality was unchanged. The coke rate had no significant influence on the formation of PCDD/Fs, but the quality of quicklime used in the sintering mixture could affect not only the amount of PCDD/Fs emissions but also the sintering productivity. Compared with a benchmark sinter pot test, PCDD/Fs emissions markedly decreased with improvements to quicklime quality. However, the reduction in PCDD/Fs emissions realized by using high-quality quicklime was limited by the temperature of the inlet gas. The highest reduction achieved was 51% compared with conventional quicklime when the temperature of the inlet gas was 150°C.     

基于BDPs的多级土壤渗滤系统处理受污染河水的试验研究

针对受污染的流入滇池的河流河水,采用具有曝气段和缺氧段的两段式多级土壤渗滤(multi-soil-layering,MSL)系统,开展了在缺氧段添加非水溶性可生物降解多聚物(BDPs)材料PBS颗粒的强化脱氮除磷研究.结果表明,添加PBS碳源可有效解决传统MSL系统因碳源不足而导致的脱氮效果不理想的问题.在河水污染较轻及较重两种情况下,系统对TN的平均去除率分别达到78%、85%,平均单位表面去除负荷分别为9.09g·m-·2d-1、24.55g·m-·2d-1;TP平均去除率分别达到92%、98%,平均单位表面去除负荷分别为0.76g·m-·2d-1、2.02g·m-·2d-1.此外,系统对COD的平均去除率可达到75%以上.     

基于加热改性预处理废线路板的热力学作用过程研究

电子废物是固体废物环境管理的热点问题,而废线路板是电子废物的研究核心.废线路板是由铜箔、树脂和增强材料层压而成的复合材料,以破碎和分选过程相组合的机械物理方法是其资源化回收处理的主流技术,就如何提高破碎效果已成为机械物理技术发展面临的难题.研究提出了加热改性预处理的技术方法,用于废线路板结构物理改性和微观破坏,以提高破碎解离效率,其可实现金属与非金属的高度解离.基于改性处理技术,本文还分别从微观和宏观破坏力学角度,探究了加热改性处理机制.同时,结合ANSYS有限元热应力模型,对改性作用进行了理论分析.     

脉冲电絮凝处理三次采油污水研究

文章利用自制的脉冲电絮凝装置对油田三次采油污水进行了处理,讨论了脉冲电流参数,包括脉冲峰值电流、频率、占空比的影响,并通过正交实验优化了处理条件。在优化条件下处理后,油田三次采油污水的COD和浊度分别达到66.3 mg/L和1.5 FTU,满足国家《污水综合排放标准》的要求。同时,脉冲电絮凝法处理三次采油污水的效果优于投加聚合氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁的化学处理法,在处理效果和节省电能的方面明显优于直流电絮凝方法。     

新型钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的研究现状

钢渣是炼钢生产过程中产生的固体废弃物,具有较高的碱度、机械强度和比表面积。钢渣化学成份较复杂,直接排放会对环境造成严重的污染,加强钢渣的处置及综合利用具有重大意义。作为一种新型的水处理剂,钢渣用于去除水体污染物不仅减少了水体、土壤等生态环境的污染,而且达到了以废治废的目的。文章分析了钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的作用机理,认为钢渣水处理剂对水体中污染物的去除主要通过吸附和沉淀两种作用,而还原作用和离子交换作用相对较小。阐述了钢渣水处理剂处理重金属废水、有机废水和无机废水的研究现状,提出了在开发液态钢渣新型处理工艺的基础上,实现钢渣水处理剂的应用。     

营养条件对污水中小球藻生长及产能效应的影响

以过滤的富营养化的鱼塘废水为培养液,添加外源的碳、氮、磷元素,考察污水中不同的外源无机碳浓度、总氮浓度、总磷浓度对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长、油脂含量和烃类含量的影响。在25℃、光照强度为4 500 Lux、光暗比为12L:12D的条件下培养10 d。单因子方差分析和多重比较结果表明:(1)以Na2CO3做碳源,小球藻生物量和烃类含量在外源无机碳浓度为6 mg/L时最高,油脂含量在外源无机碳浓度为12 mg/L最高。(2)以KNO3做氮源,小球藻生物量在总氮浓度为25 mg/L时最高,油脂含量在总氮浓度为15 mg/L时最高,烃含量在总氮浓度为20 mg/L时最高。(3)以KH2PO4做磷源,小球藻生物量和烃类含量在总磷浓度为2 mg/L时最高,油脂含量在总磷浓度为1.5 mg/L时最高。     

养殖废水新型处理技术中试

针对畜禽养殖污染废水传统处理方法效率不高、噪声较大等缺点进行改进,采用"水解酸化池-塔式膜生物反应器-悬浮澄清池"工艺进行处理,结果表明:COD、氨氮去除率分别为97.5%和91%,出水水质可达GB 18596—2001《畜禽养殖污染物排放标准》。