Developmental Processes, Changing Lifestyle and Traditional Wisdom: Analyses from Western Himalaya

Traditional knowledge and practices are important in prudent resource use and biodiversity conservation. The implications of modernization and changing lifestyle are discussed in the context of agriculture and resource use, the two sectors in which maximum modernization has occurred. The information was gathered through observations and structured interviews over three years (July 1996 to July 1999) of field work in the western Himalaya. It was observed that forest based subsistence agriculture has given way to the market dependant cash crop cultivation. That apart from loss of genetic diversity, has also resulted in the degradation of forests. The use of wild plants in the day-to-day activities has also declined and dependence on high value market products has increased. Currently, wild plants are used only if no other cheap substitute is available in the market or if the use is economically beneficial to the people. Thus, the knowledge gathered through ages of experience is eroding because of the activities geared for short-term economic benefits which, in long run, may not be sustainable.     

水危机与生态环境保护

本文对水危机及全球水源状况进行了分析，为保护人类水资源与生态环境进行了有益的探索。     

供水管线震害量化参数--渗漏面积的估算方法

为了分析管线破坏状态对震后供水管网功能的影响，首先需要对管线的震害状态进行量化。建议用管线渗漏面积标定管线的破坏状态。在管线震害分析和理论计算的基础上，提出了震后管线渗漏面积的计算方法，为进一步进行供水管网抗震分析和设计提供了研究基础。     

矿井水是宝贵的地下水资源

本文针对煤矿矿井水是废水的错误认识，深入浅出地讨论了矿井水的水质特征，鲜明地提出矿井水是宝贵的地下水资源的观点，以及矿井水资源化的法规保证。     

State Park Directors' Perceptions of Mountain Biking

/ This study intended to explore the perceptions of mountain bikingmanagement through a mail survey of state park directors in all 50 states.With a 100% response rate, it was found that 47 states permit mountainbiking in their state parks, however, few state parks have formalized plansto manage this outdoor activity. The management policies that do exist arenot followed on a statewide basis but vary within each state and at eachstate park. Many states have worked cooperatively with local mountain bikingclubs to develop and maintain mountain bike trails, promote rider education,and provide volunteer patrols on trails. The issue of user conflict surfacedwith almost three-fourths of the managers responding that conflict existedbetween mountain bikers and other trail users. This preliminary study shouldprompt further research with on-site managers focusing on the use ofmanagement plans for mountain biking, cooperation between managers and usergroups, and user conflict. It is recommended that an Internet-basedinformation clearinghouse or discussion group be made available to landmanagers by a national bicycling organization.KEY WORDS: Mountain biking; State parks; State park directors;Recreation resource management     

东部油田采出污水处理的长远对策

从综合治理，合理利用采出污水的长远利益出发，针对东部油田高含水阶段的新特点，提出地面高效处理，地下控水稳油相结合的治理策略，探讨了相关的技术和方法，并讨论了采出污水回注利用中应加强研究的几个问题。     

减缓贫水化过程的途径再议

根据贫水化的严重形势，应用水循环的原理，提出了减缓贫水化的几个主要途径，对解决城市淡水短缺有参考意义。     

DENSITY CURRENT INTRUSIONS IN AN ICE-COVERED URBAN LAKE1

ABSTRACT: Evidence is presented that snowmelt runoff from an urban watershed can produce density current intrusions (underflows) in a lake. Several episodes of density current intrusions are documented. Water temperatures and salinities measured near the bottom of a 10 m deep Minneapolis lake during the late winter warming periods in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1995 show significant rapid changes which are correlated with observed higher air temperatures and snowmelt runoff. The snowmelt runoff entering this particular lake (Ryan Lake) has increased electrical conductivity, salinity, and density. The source of the salinity is the salt spread on urban streets in the winter. Heating of littoral waters in spring may also contribute to the occurrence of the sinking flows, but is clearly not the only cause.     

ClO2处理含铁,锰及细菌饮用水的应用研究

为了除去水中高含量的铁，锰及细菌，采用ＣｌＯ２氧化Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋和灭菌的方法。研究结果表明，处理后水平铁，锰都末检出，细菌指标符合国家饮用水标准。此法具有工艺简单，操作方便，反应速度快，去除率极高，不产生致癌物质ＴＨＭ、且能很好地除水中的异味及色度等优点。此法适用于各种生活给水系统。