徐州市历史文化资源的开发与利用

徐州市具有特色鲜明的历史文化资源和极其优越的开发条件。作者根据旅游资源可持续发展的相关原则，分析了徐州市在历史文化资源开发中存在的问题，提出了充分，合理开发利用当地历史文化资源的主要对策。     

THE INFLUENCE OF DRAW-DOWN ON RECREATION ON THE TRENT CANAL RESERVOIR-LAKES1

ABSTRACT: Water-based outdoor recreation constitutes an important benefit in many multiple-use projects. One problem frequently encountered, however, is the fluctuation of the water-level in a reservoir, especially if draw-downs occur during the summer recreation season. The Trent Canal in Ontario, Canada, forms a unique recreation waterway of some 240 miles of canal and navigable lakes and rivers. For the control of the water in the canal, the Canadian Federal government manages 44 reservoir-lakes as water-storage sites to augment the flows in the canal. While most disputes in water allocation for recreation generally involve recreation uses versus other, non-recreation uses, in the case of the Trent Canal and its reservoir-lakes the dispute in water allocation exists between two competing recreation-uses: for recreation boating on the Canal and its waterway, and for recreation use of the reservoir-lakes. Each use has its own duty-of-water in terms of requirements, or water conditions, for its optimum use. On the reservoir-lakes, by far the largest recreation user-group, is made up of the owners of private shoreline summer cottages (cabins). Draw-downs on the reservoir-lakes, in some cases as much as 13 feet, hence constitute a negative externality imposed by the canal, especially since water-level lowering takes place continuously throughout the summer. In-depth interviews conducted with over 100 cottage-owners indicate four main conclusions. First, the previous user assumptions of the extent of the negative effect of water-level fluctuation on recreation had been exaggerated. Only in extreme draw-downs during infrequent dry years would draw-down constitute a serious imposition. Second, water-level fluctuation does constitute a form of inconvenience to the private riparian recreation property owners, but it does not generally reduce the quantity of recreation use of the reservoir-lakes. Third, there is evidence that reservoir-lake users have learned to adapt successfully to water-level draw-downs. Fourth, the shoreline physiography of the location of a riparian owner strongly influences the way in which draw-down affects attitudes and opinions. The complex jurisdictional split of the land and water resources of the region points to the need to establish a Trent Canal Authority, to oversee the proper use and development of the canal, its waterway, and the reservoir-lakes.     

SNOW: NATURE'S RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: Snow, one of Nature's greatest reservoirs, supplies most of the usable water in the Western United States. Reliable predictions of the quantity and timing of the release of this water are used in making management decisions involving irrigation, stock water and municipal water supplies, hydro-power generation, recreation, navigation, and pollution control Practically oriented research is vital for the proper development and management of this resource. In southwestern Idaho, the Northwest Watershed Research Center, ARS, USDA, is conducting intensive investigations for assessing snow Volumes, snow water content, and snow-melt over a watershed. Application of these research findings will result in better development and management of the water stored as snow in Nature's reservoir.     

COMPARISON OF STOCHASTIC AND DETERMINISTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING FOR RESERVOIR OPERATING RULE GENERATION1

ABSTRACT: Two dynamic programming models — one deterministic and one stochastic — that may be used to generate reservoir operating rules are compared. The deterministic model (DPR) consists of an algorithm that cycles through three components: a dynamic program, a regression analysis, and a simulation. In this model, the correlation between the general operating rules, defined by the regression analysis and evaluated in the simulation, and the optimal deterministic operation defined by the dynamic program is increased through an iterative process. The stochastic dynamic program (SDP) describes streamflows with a discrete lag-one Markov process. To test the usefulness of both models in generating reservoir operating rules, real-time reservoir operation simulation models are constructed for three hydrologically different sites. The rules generated by DPR and SDP are then applied in the operation simulation model and their performance is evaluated. For the test cases, the DPR generated rules are more effective in the operation of medium to very large reservoirs and the SDP generated rules are more effective for the operation of small reservoirs.     

雁荡山旅游资源开发与保护

雁荡山位于浙江省温州市东北部的乐清市，具有丰富的旅游资源。阐述了雁荡山的地质景观资源、人文景观资源和生态资源，以及旅游景区建设与发展现状、旅游资源开发和保护，提出了雁荡山游览区开发、科学考察区开发、游息区开发和地质遗迹保护、生态保护和史迹保护的具体措施和办法。     

大型复杂冲压件CAPP的发展趋势

讨论了大型复杂冲压件计算机辅助工艺设计中数值模拟技术的应用、系统模型与工艺决策等关键技术的发展 ,以及CAPP与相关系统的集成 ,分析了大型复杂冲压件计算机辅助工艺设计的发展趋势。     

室内外空气污染暴露评价

介绍了国外对室内外空气污染暴露评价的各种方法，并运用微环境结合问卷调查的方法，选择了5种主要的空气污染物；甲醛、二氧化硫、氮氧化物，氮和氡作为检测评价的对象，初步评价了北京市各年龄层次人群的污染物暴露水平。结果表明，大部分暴露量源于室内环境，尤其是工作（或学习）场所及住宅；各年龄层次人群的甲醛日平均暴露量均超过相关环境标准，而其它污染物均不超标；室内空气污染特别是因装修引起的室内空气污染应得到重视。     

Molecular characterization of effluent organic matter in secondary effluent and reclaimed water: Comparison to natural organic matter in source water

Municipal wastewater reclamation is becoming of increasing importance in the world to solve the problem of water scarcity. A better understanding of the molecular composition of effluent organic matter(Ef OM) in the treated effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) is crucial for ensuring the safety of water reuse. In this study, the molecular composition of Ef OM in the secondary effluent of a WWTP in Beijing and the reclaimed water further treated with a coagulation–sedimentation–ozonation process were characterized using a non-target Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS) method and compared to that of natural organic matter(NOM) in the local source water from a reservoir. It was found that the molecular composition of Ef OM in the secondary effluent and reclaimed water was dominated by CHOS formulas, while NOM in the source water was dominated by CHO formulas. The CHO formulas of the three samples had similar origins. Anthropogenic surfactants were responsible for the CHOS formulas in Ef OM of the secondary effluent and were not well removed by the coagulation-sedimentation-ozonation treatment process adopted.     

包头市水环境综合整治对策研究

为从根本上改善包头市水环境质量,按照国家环境保护模范城市的标准,全面开展包头市水环境综合整治工作,推进水环境污染防治工作.在对包头市水环境现状进行全面分析的基础上,提出以保护水源地为重点,针对工业源、城镇生活源、农业面源等方面提出整治对策建议,通过重点工程的实施,削减污染物排放总量,使包头市各水体水质达到功能区要求.     

骆马湖表层水体中32种PPCPs类物质的污染水平、分布特征及风险评估

为评价骆马湖水体中药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)的污染水平、空间分布特征及生态风险,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定了骆马湖水体中22个采样点的32种PPCPs.结果表明,骆马湖表层水体中共检出了23种PPCPs,总浓度范围为892~1 536 ng·L~(-1),其中浓度最高的为诺氟沙星(256~707 ng·L~(-1)),其次是酮洛芬(85~438 ng·L~(-1))、安赛蜜(101~290 ng·L~(-1))及萘普生(1.9~112 ng·L~(-1)).不同采样位点的PPCPs浓度存在一定的空间差异,呈现湖东北部地区较高,西南部地区较低的趋势.房亭河入湖口处PPCPs浓度较高,嶂山闸出湖口处浓度较低.对13种药物类PPCPs生态风险评价结果表明,诺氟沙星RQs为0.26~0.72,对于骆马湖水生生态系统表现为中风险,吉非罗齐在大部分采样点RQs0.01,表现为低风险,其余的化合物RQs0.01未表现出生态环境风险.采用简单叠加模型计算PPCPs的联合毒性风险熵范围为0.29~0.75,整体上看,骆马湖PPCPs对于水生生物表现出中风险.对6种PPCPs的人体健康风险结果表明,RQs均小于1,表明骆马湖PPCPs对人体健康无直接风险.