西部地区经济发展与水环境质量的相关分析

认识经济发展与水环境污染的关系,以求西部地区经济与环境的协调发展。文章运用环境库兹涅茨理论和自回归分析模型,对1995～2004年我国西部地区人均GDP与废水排放量的分析,可知西部地区的人均GDP增加1%,则污水排放量增加0.582%,经济发展伴随着水环境质量的持续恶化,说明西部地区目前处于环境库兹涅茨曲线的左半部分。因此有必要加强对水环境的规制和治理,改善经济发展和水环境质量之间的这种两难关系。还表明自回归模型对于西部地区水环境质量的预测也是有效的。     

灰色理论模型预测城市垃圾量

利用灰色理论模型 ,采用非线性微分方程拟合 ,可较好地预测城市垃圾的产生量。运用最小二乘法 ,通过MATALAB程序求出了模型中的参数 ,假设检验结果表明 ,该模型有较高的预测精度。根据上述模型 ,预测娄底市未来30a的总垃圾预测量为 80 4 90万t     

饮用水中铝的萃取-高效液相色谱分析

拟定了金属配合物的萃取 -高效液相色谱法。Al与 8-羟基喹啉反应生成的黄色配合物 ,用氯仿萃取 ,在C8烷基键合固定相上 ,以甲醇 -乙酸乙酯 -水 (体积比 4 0 :2 0 :4 0 )为流动相 ,于波长390nm处测定饮用水中总Al的含量 ( 2 0 -70 0 μg/L)。对萃取条件和萃取百分率 ,色谱分离条件进行了研究 ,讨论了测定的灵敏度、选择性和重现性。     

白腐真菌降解造纸废水的规律研究

在白腐真菌降解造纸废水的基础上，建立降解反应模型并推导出降解参数方程，并对其进行分析。     

阳宗海水质污染及其控制

由于近年Ｎ、Ｐ输入、输出失衡，大量营养盐滞留湖中，加以电厂温排水影响，阳宗海水体恶化加剧，两年出现大面积水华；且湖中鱼类结构不合理，数量偏少，导致水质变化。为此，必须取缔网箱及高密度堰塘养鱼，实施环湖截污，降低电厂排水温度，调整鱼类种群结构。     

螳螂川水质评价及污染防治对策

通过对螳螂川水质状况的分析，总结了水污染特征及主要污染原因，提出了污染治理对策。     

底泥盐分释放对北塘水库水质成化的影响

为研究南水北调通水后,水源改变及水库调度对底泥盐分释放的影响,2005年7月,取0～60cm深度的北塘水库原状底泥样品,在实验室内模拟分析不同底泥含盐量、不同蓄水水质及水位变动和扰动条件下底泥氯化物释放规律。结果表明,底泥中Cl~-含量为0.043%,释放强度为0.12g/m~2·d,Cl~-含量越高,释放强度越大。在底泥含盐量相同的条件下,蓄去离子水的底泥Cl~-释放强度是蓄水库水的1.87倍。扰动状态下,底泥中的Cl~-有5.0%～9.5%释放出来,高于静止状态的3.2%～5.6%。水库运行水位发生变化,将影响底泥盐分的释放。1.0m水深条件下Cl~-的释放量是1.5m水深的5.8倍。水库四周地下水中Cl~-浓度为8.0×10~3～4.2×10~4mg/L,远高于目前水库水的Cl~-浓度。因此,一定要避免水库在低于设计低水位和周边地下水水位的条件下运行,防止底泥盐分释放及地下水反向补给造成水库水质的成化。     

Carbon isotope ratios in logged and unlogged boreal forests: Examination of the potential for determining wildlife habitat use

Due to assimilation of recycled CO₂ from litter decomposition and photosynthetic changes in carbon fractionation at low light levels, the foliage at the base of a forest is often more depleted in¹³C compared to that exposed to the atmosphere in either the canopy or in open clearings. This is referred to as the canopy effect. African research has indicated that these habitat differences in foliar ¹³C can be substantial enough to affect the carbon isotope ratios of resident fauna. Previous work documenting a 30-year chronology on moose teeth from Isle Royale National Park indicated a progressive depletion in¹³C and suggested that this could be due to forest regrowth following extensive burning. The present study examined the assumption implicit in this hypothesis that foliar ¹³C varies between open and closed boreal forest sites. I found a marginal canopy effect of 2 ¹³C difference between upper canopy and ground flora for a forest in northwestern Ontario and an average difference of 1.2 in under- and mid-story vegetation between closed forests and open clear-cuts. Because of these small differences, the utility of carbon isotope analysis in quantifying temporally integrated exploitation of deforested habitats will be low for northern boreal locations. In denser forests, such as those in the tropics or western North American where the canopy effect can be expected to be much greater, ¹³C analysis may still offer some promise for determining selection by wildlife of disturbed habitats.     

Landscape Structure and Historical Processes Along Diked European Valleys: A Case Study of the Arc/Isère Confluence (Savoie, France)

/ The valleys of European piedmonts constitute changing narrow corridors within which water, matter, nutrients, energy, and species flow. The dispersion patterns of these flows have been significantly disturbed since the end of the 18th century. Thus, western European valleys have been changed into complex mosaics by implementation of socioeconomical programs. In order to define future actions allowing the preservation of this "ecocomplex" (Blandin and Lamotte 1988), it is necessary to gather precise information of the landscape dynamics. Hence, the study of the European river valleys must be based upon two major steps: (1)the analysis of the present landscape with suitable remote sensing techniques, allowing us to map the complex mosaic of narrow corridors; and (2) the analysis of temporal landscape development patterns since the first engineering works that have transformed the braided channel system. In this paper, the efficiency of the addition of two techniques is highlighted: (1) the "wavelet merging method" from multispectral and panchromatic SPOT images for the floodplain land-cover mapping, and (2) the historical reconstruction techniques from old maps and archive documents in order to analyze the cumulative impacts of engineering works on landscape diversity. To illustrate the method, a particularly complex case study is chosen: the Arc/Isere confluence (downstream from Albertville, Savoie, France). Remote sensing, field survey, and historical reconstruction allowed us to distinguish two types of spatial units: (1) the "functional sets" characterized by independent state factors (edaphic, hydrological, and topographic) and supporting a limited number of vegetation types (spontaneous or cultivated), and (2) the functional unit (= ecotope), which corresponds to a unique combination of vegetation type/functional set.KEY WORDS: Landscape ecology; Floodplains; Vegetation; Land use; Remote sensing; Historical reconstruction; Mapping; Merging methods; Human impacts; Alps; Isere river; France     

伊犁地区矿泉水中无机成分分析

通过对伊犁地区部分矿泉水水质分析,展示了该地区矿泉水中微量元素含量及其分布的特点,为今后开发和利用水地区的矿泉资源提供了一定的科学依据.