基于GIS的茂县水资源开发利用信息管理评价系统设计

为了实现对茂县水资源的高效利用,将水资源开发利用评价的知识与地理信息系统结合在一起,设计出一个基于GIS的水资源开发利用评价系统,从而对茂县的水资源合理利用和加大开发提供一个有力支持,以满足对茂县经济社会发展的要求。本文对该系统的需求分析、系统结构、数据、系统各功能、系统实现进行了说明。     

某电厂生活污水再生处理回用系统设计与调试

随着水危机问题日益严峻,再生水回用已经成为解决水资源担缺的重要途径之一。河北某电厂采用“顸处理-悬挂链曝气生物移动床-深度过滤-臭氧消毒”工艺对原生活污水处理系统进行改造,处理后再生水用作循环冷却水补给水。经过填料挂膜及联机试运行,再生水水质指标为：CODcr=11.8mg／L,BOD5=3、8mg／L,SS=6mg／L,pH=7．67,大肠杆菌群≤3个／L,水质符合循环冷却水补给水的国家标准。该工艺可以广泛应用于生活污水的再生处理回用。     

伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化动态趋势分析

根据近10年的监测数据，对伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化进行动态趋势分析，无显著变化。     

“三废”资源化利用探讨

针对我国环境污染严重,资源、能源利用率低的现状,胜利油田积极开展“三废”资源化工作。通过对废水、固体废物、工业废气资源化现状的分析,科学地论证了“三废”资源化具有投资少,处理工艺简单易行,处理成本低,管理难度小等优点。找出存在的主要问题,并提出下一步工作目标。     

宁波市水库水源涵养林营造经验浅析

结合宁波市水源涵养林2010—2014的造林试验,观测了宁波市两块试验地不同苗木生长、保存情况,重点分析苗木成活率与高程、淹没天数、淹没深度的关系。结果表明:苗木成活率与淹没天数、栽植高程极显著关系,与淹没水深相关性不明显;淹没天数是决定苗木成活率的最关键因素,淹没天数不宜超过10 d;起种高程不宜为平均水位,应至少提高2~5 m,并结合汛限水位综合考虑;苗龄不宜太大,苗龄小比苗龄大苗木易成活;早期养护对提高苗木的成活率有重要作用;苗木支撑的牢固性亦很重要。     

湛江市饮用水水源环境状况评估与管理研究

饮用水水源环境状况评估是保障饮用水安全的重要工作。研究采用层次分析法评估了湛江市集中式饮用水水源地环境状况。水源地现状调查和评估结果表明:湛江市饮用水水源存在部分水质指标超标、保护区环境管理和应急能力薄弱等问题,并从技术、经济和行政三方面提出了对策和建议,保护饮用水水源。     

AN EVALUATION OF WEEKLY AND MONTHLY TIME SERIES FORECASTS OF MUNICIPAL WATER USE1

ABSTRACT: A cascade model for forecasting municipal water use one week or one month ahead, conditioned on rainfall estimates, is presented and evaluated. The model comprises four components: long term trend, seasonal cycle, autocorrelation and correlation with rainfall. The increased forecast accuracy obtained by the addition of each component is evaluated. The City of Deerfield Beach, Florida, is used as the application example with the calibration period from 1976–1980 and the forecast period the drought year of 1981. Forecast accuracy is measured by the average absolute relative error (AARE, the average absolute value of the difference between actual and forecasted use, divided by the actual use). A benchmark forecast is calculated by assuming that water use for a given week or month in 1981 is the same as the average for the corresponding period from 1976 to 1980. This method produces an AARE of 14.6 percent for one step ahead forecasts of monthly data and 15.8 percent for weekly data. A cascade model using trend, seasonality and autocorrelation produces forecasts with AARE of about 12 percent for both monthly and weekly data while adding a linear relationship of water use and rainfall reduces the AARE to 8 percent in both cases if it is assumed that rainfall is known during the forecast period. Simple rainfall predictions do not increase the forecast accuracy for water use so the major utility of relating water use and rainfall lies in forecasting various possible water use sequences conditioned on sequences of historical rainfall data.     

WATER USE REDUCTIONS FROM RETROFIHNG INDOOR WATER FIXTURES1

ABSTRACT: A water use model was developed to estimate water savings from installation of low-flow showerheads and toilet displacement devices in residential housing. The model measures household water use in per capita terms with adjustments for age of occupants, household income, if occupants responsible for direct payment of water bill, and type of water fixtures. Detailed data on 308 single family residences involved with a pilot retrofit program in the Seattle, Washington, area were analyzed. We estimated per capita indoor water use to decline by 6.4 and 2.1 percent from complete installation of low-flow showerheads and toilet displacement devices, respectively.