Solid components and acid buffering capacity of soils in South China

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西吉县黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土壤流失量预报方程

木文在实地测量水库、塘坝淤积量和全面调查影响因子的基础上,利用计算机对获得的大量资料进行了统计分析,建立了黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土壤侵蚀数学模型。研究结果表明:根据影响土壤侵蚀的主导因子建立的小流域年土壤流失量预报方程,具有较高的精度。预报方程比较客观地反映了各个影响因子对小流域土壤侵蚀的综合作用,它不仅能够根据给定的条件,估算流域内过去和现在的年土壤流失量,而且能够预报未来某一降雨水平的年土壤流失量,同时利用本方程对流域土壤流失量及其影响因子进行定量分析,这对于判定小流域治理总体规划、布设各项治理措施、进行流域管理以及有效地控制土壤侵蚀等提供了可靠依据。 本文研究的结果,已在西吉县防护林工程建设和全县水土流失综合治理中广泛应用,并被 WFP/FAO 中期评价组有关国外专家所采用。     

滇池流域农村面源问题浅析

介绍了滇池流域自然和社会经济概况，分析了非点源污染的特性。认为滇池流域农村面源主要由村镇生活污水、农村固体废物、化肥施用、地表径流、土壤侵蚀和流失、畜禽养殖粪便构成。在得出结论的基础上提出了措施。     

论洱海流域可持续发展

在分析洱海流域自然环境和经济社会环境的基础上,提出应从控制人口、建设生态工程、科学合理调配水资源、优化产业结构、改变能源结构和推广生态农业等方面实施洱海流域的可持续发展.     

流域环境规划的可视化技术

介绍了应用于流域环境规划中的图形图片方式、多媒体影像方式、地理信息可视化以及虚拟现实4种类型的可视化技术，并对流域环境规划的不同阶段、不同内容的可视化应用进行了阐述。     

滇池流域农村固废源头分类收集处理系统设计初探

探讨设计采用系列工程技术设施,优化组合,构成农村固废源头分类收集处理系统,对农村固废实行减量化、无害化和资源化综合处理利用,提高应用范围和处理效果.     

Use of gamma-irradiation pretreatment for enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

The effects of γ-irradiation pretreatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated in this paper. Parameters like solid components, soluble components, and biogas production of anaerobic digestion experiment for sewage sludge were measured. The values of these parameters were compared before and after γ-irradiation pretreatment. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), suspended solid (SS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), and average floc size of samples decreased after γ-irradiation treatment. Besides, floc size distribution of sewage sludge shifted from 80–100 μm to 0–40 μm after γ-irradiation treatment at the doses from 0 to 30 kGy, which indicated the disintegration of sewage sludge. Moreover, microbe cells of sewage sludge were ruptured by γ-irradiation treatment, which resulted in the release of cytoplasm and increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). Both sludge disintegration and microbe cells rupture enhanced the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, which was demonstrated by the increase of accumulated biogas production. Compared with digesters fed with none irradiated sludge, the accumulated biogas production increased 44, 98, and 178 mL for digesters fed sludge irradiated at 2.48, 6.51, and 11.24 kGy, respectively. The results indicated that γ-irradiation pretreatment could effectively enhance anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge, and correspondingly, could accelerate hydrolysis process, shorten sludge retention time of sludge anaerobic digestion process. __________ Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(8): 36–39 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Control division of agricultural non-point source pollution at medium-sized watershed scale in Southeast China

This paper presents the study carried out for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution (NSP) in a medium-sized watershed covering 1.47 × 10⁴ km² in Southeast China using quantitative analysis coupled with geographic information system (GIS), universal soil loss equation (USLE), soil conservation service-curve number (SCS-CN), nutrient loss equations, and annualized agricultural nonpoint source model (AnnAGNPS). Based on the quantitative results derived from GIS and environmental models, five control division units were generated for NSP control in Jiulong River watershed, namely, controlling unit for soil losses, controlling unit for livestock breeding and soil losses, controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and livestock breeding, controlling unit for soil losses and fertilizer use, and controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and soil losses. This study proved that integrating GIS with environmental models can be adopted to efficiently evaluate major sources and contributors of NSP, and identify the critical source areas of NSP, which enables adjusting measures to local conditions by further control division units developed through such study for control and management of water quality degradation induced by NSP in the Jiulong River watershed. __________ Translated from Research of Environmental Sciences, 2006, 19(4): 119–124 [译自: 环境科学研究]     

电子产品中有毒有害物质评价分析

随着电子产品产量的不断增长,电子产品的污染问题日益成为关系国计民生的重大问题。应用主成分分析原理对电子产品有毒有害物质进行评价分析。建立评价指标体系,选取具有代表性的主成分指标代替原来的评价指标,对电子产品有毒有害物质进行主成分分析,所得结果合理可信。     

象山港流域入湾河流水体中重金属风险评价及其来源解析

本文根据丰水期象山港8种溶解态重金属的浓度调查,通过单因子污染指数(P_i)、内梅罗综合污染指数(P_n)和重金属污染指数(HPI)评价方法研究了重金属流域内入湾河流中重金属的污染.基于流域内土地利用类型与重金属浓度的相关性,结合实地走访调查,对重金属的来源进行了解析.结果表明,区域内重金属平均浓度大小表现为:FeMnZnCuAsCrPbCd;除Mn和Fe外,其余6种重金属浓度均符合《地表水环境质量标准》中的Ⅰ类水标准;区域内重金属风险较低,无污染现象,但存在沾污情况;以水产养殖为代表的农业面源污染是区域内重金属出现沾污的主要因素.为了合理规避区域内城镇化发展进程中的重金属风险,重点在于加强以农业面源为主的污染源监管.