太湖水体中悬浮物研究

为了全面了解太湖水中悬浮物的物质组成、变化规律,选取了太湖站近10年来各测点的连续观测资料及2次定点观测资料,分析了太湖水体中悬浮物的无机和有机颗粒成份、时空分布、垂直变化、与风速、风向的关系以及与重要光 学参数的关系。研究结果表明：太湖悬浮物中有机物大概占30%;浓度大小的湖区分布大致是：湖心区＞河口区、梅梁湖、贡湖、五里湖＞东太湖;悬浮物浓度的季节变化是：湖心区冬季、春季＞秋季＞夏季,东太湖冬季＞春季、夏季、秋季,其他湖区则没有明显季节变化;垂直分布是：深层＞表层并且底泥悬浮的临界风速在5~6.5 m/s之间;悬浮物浓度的增加是引起湖水透明度降低和光学衰减系数增大的主要原因。     

轻亚粘土液化状态前后的剪切波波速对比观测初探

南京理工大学学生第十三宿舍桩机施工时 ,引起了轻亚粘土液化。通过对液化前后剪切波速的对比观测 ,对于 4种情况下的液化观测表明 ,随着液化程度的增加 ,剪切波速液化 (液化前 /液化后 )的比值也在增加 ,并增加到一定程度时变化值趋于稳定。     

充电式交流磁粉探伤仪的应用研究

本研究把锂电池的直流电转换为交流方波电来驱动磁探仪工作,这样得到一种全新的充电式磁粉探伤仪,它不需要外部接电、电磁转换效率高、可以连续工作、输出为交流磁场或交叉磁场、灵敏度高、安全可靠.它解决了现有磁粉探伤仪需要搭接长长的电缆、存在漏电危险、发热严重、不能连续工作等缺点.本研究将给磁粉探伤领域带来革命性的发展,并促进新...     

变频器故障波形预处理方法研究

电力电子设备在电力系统中的运用越来越广泛,其故障后对电力系统的运行影响也越来越大,从运行设备中提取波形用于诊断其相关故障的诊断方法的研究正在深入开展。由于现场采集波形的数据往往过于庞杂,不利于切中关键的故障特征,在研究用现场录波进行故障诊断前,首先要研究如何对实际采集的波形数据进行简化的方法。本文通过编制C＋＋程序,对故障录波简化过程进行了研究,并通过故障波形不同简化效果的对比说明了提高数据处理效率与减少波形特征损失的结合点的选取。     

城市环境中加油站燃爆灾害的安全评估探讨

为了准确计算城市环境中加油站的安全距离并进行安全评估,针对城市中一级加油站蒸汽云爆炸灾害效应开展分析,基于TNT当量法和Roberts点源模型,计算距离加油站不同距离上的爆炸波超压和火球热辐射通量。依据相应的伤害准则,系统评估了灾害效应,并与已有试验数据和规范进行对比验证和分析。研究结果表明,城市一级加油站的爆炸安全距离为37 m,热辐射安全距离为52 m。     

高速公路碰撞能量衰减装置设计与力学性能分析

为有效降低高速公路上车辆与护栏碰撞事故,提高高速公路交通安全性,基于能量衰减装置变形过程中应具有恒定承载力、稳定的破坏模式等性能要求,设计了一种八边薄壁型能量衰减装置。理论分析推导出能量衰减装置的峰值载荷公式,数值模拟研究了装置的力学性能及其影响因素。研究结果表明:能量衰减装置具有恒定承载力、稳定的变形破坏模式和载荷波动性,其几何参数对冲程效率和载荷波动系数性能指标无影响;能量衰减装置的压溃峰值载荷、能量吸能和平均压溃载荷指标随长度和壁厚的减小而减小,压溃峰值载荷、平均压溃载荷指标随边长增加而减小。     

岩溶水系统中微生物迁移机制

对桂林罗锦响水岩岩溶水系统雨前、雨中和雨后水中及悬浮物上携带的细菌数量变化规律分析表明,在雨期,岩溶地下河水质变化对地表水质响应迅速,表现为在一定时期内地下水与地表水中的细菌总数可达到同一个数量级;地下水中TSS与细菌总数的变化具有一致性,即细菌总数随TSS的升降而升降,说明细菌大多是附着在悬浮颗粒物运移的;同时,岩溶区地下河局部存在的溶潭等蓄水构造对污染物具有明显的纳污与稀释效应,是岩溶地下河系统产生自净作用的主要场所。TSS与地下水流速呈正相关,而附着在悬浮颗粒物上的细菌占地下水中细菌总数的比例与流速呈负相关。地下河洞口的堆积物对微生物具有明显的截留作用,其对微生物的吸附和缓慢释放,是导致地下河在很长一段时间内都会受到微生物污染的主要原因。     

声波吹灰器在锅炉吹灰中的应用

扬子热电厂7#锅炉通过对吹灰器正确地选型以及因地制宜地安装改造,解决了吹灰系统长期不能投用的问题并发挥了较好的吹灰效果。吹灰器改造后的运行统计数据,验证了投用声波吹灰器对提高锅炉效率和锅炉安全性能有明显作用,具有推广意义。     

Contamination Levels and Preliminary Assessment of the Technical Feasibility of Employing Natural Attenuation in 5 Priority Areas of Presidente Bernardes Refinery in Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil

Five priority areas of potential impact by contaminants (API) were investigated at the Presidente Bernardes Refinery in Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil with the following aims: (i) to identify both organic and inorganic contaminants present in soil and groundwater; (ii) to define the environmental conditions relevant for microbial activity at the site and (iii) to evaluate the feasibility of employing natural attenuation for treatment of the hydrocarbon contamination. One area (API 1) was an uncontrolled landfill, where waste materials from the refinery were deposited between 1954 and 1986, and four areas (API 4, 5, 7 and 11) were located in the operational section of the refinery. Soil contamination by regulated BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, total xylenes) was restricted to two samples from API 1. Nonregulated ethylbenzene was detected in one soil sample from API 4, one from API 5 and two from API 1. No soil contained regulated PAH above threshold levels. Several nonregulated PAHs were found in 6 soil samples from API 1, 3 soil samples from API 4 and 1 soil sample from API 5. Site soils contained very high aluminium concentrations, but metal contamination was restricted to one soil sample from API 1, which contained nickel above threshold limits. BTEX contamination of groundwater was due mostly to benzene. Of the 17 PAH molecules tested, only naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene occurred in groundwater. The sum of total BTEX and total PAH exceeded 200 μg/L in only a few monitoring wells in API 4, 5 and 11 and was always below 2.640 μg/L. Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Se, Ag, Tl and Zn were not detected in groundwater, which was contaminated in a few locations by aluminium (mostly below 1 mg/L), lead (<0.066 mg/L) and arsenic (<0.056 mg/L). S, K, Ca, Mg and Fe were present in groundwater in excess of physiological requirements for microbial growth, but low concentrations of N and P could become growth limiting. However, BTEX were efficiently degraded in saturated and unsaturated zone microcosms and nutrient amendments did not stimulate biodegradation rates measurably. The inorganic carbon pool in groundwater was up to one order of magnitude larger than the organic carbon pool. Total inorganic carbon (TIC) in API groundwater exceeded TIC of clean groundwater by factors of 2 (API 4), 6 (API 5, 7 and 11) or 10 (API 1). Most of the inorganic carbon incorporated into groundwater beneath the refinery originated from biodegradation in the unsaturated soil, which contained a microbiota (10⁶ cells/g on average) capable of growth with most of the pure (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) and mixed hydrocarbons tested (diesel oil, gasoline, naphtha, condensate, aromatic residue and fuel oil). A viscous hydrocarbon paste uncovered in API 1 was insoluble in water but dissolved in dichloromethane. Many organic components of this paste were biodegradable as evidenced by weight reduction of the hydrocarbon paste and by the growth of suspended and attached biomass in saturated zone microcosms, where the paste was the only carbon source. This study indicates that monitored natural attenuation may be a technically feasible and efficient means for plume control in API 1, 4 and 5, provided the plumes in API 4 and 5 are not expanding. This technique is not suitable for contaminant reduction in API 11.     

一致激励条件下非线性工程场地地震动相干函数分析

在地震动过程中,土介质中的剪切波速往往出现显著的降低现象,体现出强烈的非线性性质。本文将随机振动的虚拟激励原理、土非线性分析的等效线性化方法与工程波动理论散射问题的求解方法相结合,建立了开放系统中一致激励条件下考虑岩土介质非线性的工程场地地震动随机场数值模拟方法。该方法将随机输入下的波动分析问题转换为虚拟激励下的确定性波动分析问题,非线性土体峰值剪应变的统计特征可通过剪应变均方差和峰值因子获得。结合具体算例及M on te—C arlo模拟方法对所提出方法的合理性进行了验证,在此基础上应用该方法对一致激励下实际工程场地的地震动相干性进行分析,结果表明场地的局部条件对地震动相干性有重要影响。