烟气脱硫石膏对滨海滩涂盐碱地的改良效果研究

在实验室条件下评估了烟气脱硫石膏不同施用量(0、5、10、25和50g/kg)对上海南汇滩涂盐碱土化学性质及对植物生长的影响.结果表明,施加适量烟气脱硫石膏可以降低滩涂土壤盐碱性,促进供试植物生长.与空白处理相比,烟气脱硫石膏施用量为25g/kg时,土壤pH和碱化度(ESP)分别显著降低5.45%和61.5%;可溶性Cl^-和CO₃^2-+HCO₃-含量分别显著降低33.0%和22.7%;可溶性Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-含量分别显著增加85.1%和96.3%(P < 0.05).试验还发现,施用量为25g/kg时土壤有机质和速效磷含量分别降低17.5%和54.0%,土壤速效钾含量提高39.5%.随烟气脱硫石膏施用量增加,番茄的果实鲜重、根鲜重和株茎的增加量分别高达144%、54.3%和9.53%;黑麦草的植株鲜重和根鲜重增加量分别高达46.6%和17.0%.但过量烟气脱硫石膏(如50g/kg)明显对植物生长不利.因此,25g/kg可推荐为改良滨海滩涂盐碱土及促进植物生长适宜和安全的烟气脱硫石膏施用量.     

不同施工顺序对陡坡偏压小净距隧道围岩稳定性的影响研究

为了研究陡坡偏压条件下不同施工顺序对小净距隧道围岩稳定性的影响,结合工 程实例,考虑“先浅后深”与“先深后浅”两种施工顺序,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立 三维弹塑性分析模型进行了施工全过程数值模拟,重点分析了不同施工顺序对地表边坡 、拱圈特征点围岩以及中夹岩柱的影响,并计算了不同施工顺序下的隧道开挖安全系数 。结果表明:先施工深埋侧隧道会加剧围岩整体偏压效应,并会对中夹岩柱处围岩产生 往返的扰动,不利于围岩稳定性的控制,且先开挖浅埋侧隧道的安全性高于先开挖深埋 侧隧道。     

Bacterial Degradation of Vegetable Oils

Following initial experiments presented elsewhere (2IOPS), the bacterial degradation of two vegetable oils was investigated in some detail. the number of aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, oil degrading and sulphate reducing bacteria were quantified during simulated spills on a salt marsh. the sediment fatty acid composition was also studied using GC-MS analysis. Degradation of linseed and sunflower oils was concomitant with an increase in the numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Fatty acids analysis revealed preferential degradation of the principal components of the oils (18:3ω3 for linseed oil and 18:2ω6 for sunflower oil). the presence of several isomers of the usual polyunsaturated fatty acids was also detected. the identification of some of these new fatty acids has been carried out. Possible pathways of degradation of these vegetable oils are suggested.     

A geological analysis for the environmental cause of human birth defects based on GIS

Previous studies on birth defects risk from environmental factors focused on the dose–response relationship of exposure to toxic materials. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between the geological background and occurrence ratio of neural tube defect (NTD) birth defects. Bayesian method was used to adjust the occurrence of NTD birth defects; both parametric and nonparametric statistical methods were used to quantify the correlation between geological background and human birth defects risk. At the two limbs of anticline rock, whose kernel stratum is of Archean kingdom, age of rock strata showed significant positive correlation to the occurrence of birth defects risk. In the region inside 4?km around the fault zone, the occurrence ratio of NTD birth defects is the highest; and decreases when the buffer distance increases. In macro spatial scale, geological background has a significant correlation to the birth defects risk with people residing near the fault zone having higher risk to beget babies with birth defects.     

正压呼吸器防尘系统在岩巷综掘工作面的应用

针对矿井岩巷综掘工作面产尘量大,常规降尘措施不理想,一般呼吸面罩无法有效降低工作面作业人员对粉尘吸收的问题,研制了正压呼吸器防尘系统,并在岩巷综掘工作面底抽巷进行了现场试验。试验结果表明:使用正压呼吸器防尘系统除尘效率达到了70.82%,不使用时除尘效率仅为42.01%,不仅有效降低了工作面的粉尘浓度,改善职工作业环境,而且保证了工作面作业人员对新鲜空气的需求,减少了粉尘对职工身体的危害。     

考虑孔隙瓦斯劣化作用的煤岩损伤本构模型

矿井瓦斯是煤岩体赋存环境因素之一,同时也是影响煤岩力学性质的主要因素,研究基于煤岩损伤统计特征及Drucker-Prager破坏准则,分析得出了煤岩单轴压缩载荷作用下损伤演化本构模型,基于煤岩弹性波速相关理论建立了孔隙瓦斯对煤岩力学性能劣化损伤力学模型,并在此基础上得出了考虑孔隙瓦斯劣化作用的煤岩损伤本构模型;以原煤及型煤试样为研究对象,开展了不同孔隙瓦斯压力条件下煤岩单轴压缩破坏实验,基于实验研究结果对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明所建立的模型可以很好的反映孔隙瓦斯作用下煤岩单轴压缩载荷条件下的应力-应变关系。     

辛置煤矿310轨道巷围岩破裂范围研究

辛置煤矿310轨道巷属于高应力软岩巷道,地质构造和岩层结构非常复杂多变。为了解该巷道的松动范围、塑性区分布和围岩破坏情况,采用U510非金属超声波检测仪,在辛置煤矿310轨道巷左右两帮合理布置检测点,进行现场松动圈测试。获得一系列测试结果,运用测试结果及围岩松动圈支护理论,可对310轨道巷支护提供理论依据。     

地下天然气储气井的现状与前景

储气井是一种压力容器,也是地下压力容器的典型代表。由于开发储气井的理念来源于油气井,因此储气井具有常规压力容器所不具备的特性并存在很多先天不足。文章针对储气井的现状,剖析了储气井在材料、设计、制造、检验检测等各环节存在的问题,并对储气井的健康发展提出了改进建议。     

含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系比对研究

含硫化氢天然气井重大事故对公众安全具有重大危害,建立和完善含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系,对于加强含硫气井应急管理,保护人民群众生命健康安全具有重要意义。针对含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准,调研了加拿大和美国等国外含硫气井开发典型地区的含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系,分析了其体系构成和标准内容,总结了其特点,比对国外含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系,基于对国内的调研,分析了我国含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系存在的不足;通过对国内外三百多项相关标准的调研和比对分析,基于我国实际现状,分析提出了标准体系建设的相关建议,为我国含硫化氢天然气井公共安全标准体系的完善和标准制定工作提供参考。     

Long‐term effects of Hurricane Katrina on the psychological well‐being of evacuees

Hurricane Katrina of August 2005 forced more than one million people to evacuate the Gulf Coast of the United States. This study examines the psychological health and well‐being of a subset of evacuees to determine the prevalence of ongoing mental health problems. Interviews were conducted with 101 adults who evacuated to Louisville, Kentucky, and were living in the state at the one‐year anniversary of the event or had recently returned to the Gulf Coast. The psychological health and well‐being of respondents was evaluated using several well‐validated measures. More than one‐half met the criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder and a majority were suffering from depression and anxiety. The mean quality of life score was 0.6 on a scale from 0–1, suggesting that adaptation and return to pre‐hurricane well‐being had not occurred 12 months after the storm. The potential for long‐term psychological damage exists in this sample of Hurricane Katrina evacuees. Results suggest other evacuees may also be at heightened risk.