我国野生蔬菜的开发利用

本文阐述了我国野生蔬菜的特点、利用现状及其存在的问题,提出了进一步开发利用野生蔬菜的建议．     

纳板河流域自然保护区拉祜族村寨对土地和野生植物资源的利用

报道了西双版纳纳板河流域自然保护区3个拉祜族村寨对土地和野生植物资源的利用现状,认为转变单纯采集为栽培种植价值大的野生植物是发展的根本出路。     

盐城湿地与生态旅游

湿地与湿地生态旅游日益受到重视。盐城湿地是西太平洋亚洲大陆边缘最大的海岸型湿地 ,它具有科学价值 ,生态环境价值和审美价值。盐城湿地是祥和的众生园 ,丹顶鹤的天堂 ,麋麂的故乡 ,应作为盐城旅游的主打产品。本文对湿地生态旅游规划基本问题作了阐述。对规划的理念、主题形象 ,分区与隔离带 ,游客中心 ,游息区内“露天生态馆”风格 ,发展生态产业以及举办湿地生态旅游节 ,湿地丹顶鹤麋鹿文化节等提出建议和策划     

喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区兽类资源的现状与保护

本区资源兽类 21种,包括中国Ⅰ级保护动物 5种,Ⅱ级 7种。本区最西段的资源动物以中亚类型为主;自此往东,青藏高原特有种的成分渐增;西昆仑山东段北翼的大型特有兽类的种群数量明显少于南翼。据大型有蹄动物栖息地的面积及其不同分布区域的种群密度,估算本区藏野驴的储量有3.57×10⁴多只,野牦牛3.5×10⁴ 只和藏羚9.04×10⁴ 只左右。据7月末至8月下旬的观察,藏野驴群体为2—60只（单独个体除外,下同）,平均每群9.4只,以2—9只居首位;野牦牛每群2—200多只,平均64只,2—10只及上百只的群体均较常见;藏羚种群大小为2—1000只左右,平均每群38只,以2—5只的群体占优势。某些物种的性比及母幼群中幼羊与母羊的比率等,本文已作记述。在合理保护与利用资源方面所存在的问题,以及今后应采取的保护对策,笔者作了扼要的讨论。     

凉山野生菌类资源的开发与利用

在调查统计的基础上,论述了凉山野生食用菌资源的分布状况,及其在改善膳食结构和发展当地经济的重要作用.为了有效保护和持续利用凉山野生菌类资源,分析了当前该地区野生菌类资源的开发利用状况,并结合当地实际,提出了相应的合理化建议.     

野外环境监测的安全问题与预防措施

环境监测人员在野外环境监测过程中,存在许多不安全隐患或安全问题,这些安全隐患往往会引发各类事故的发生,如交通事故、自然灾害事故、中毒事故、山林失火事故等,不仅对监测人员自身生命构成威胁,而且对国家和社会造成重大损失。本文就野外环境监测过程中遇到的安全问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的预防措施。     

盐胁迫下外源硅对硅突变体与野生型水稻种子萌发的影响(Effects of Silicon on the Germination of Si Mutant Rice and Wild Rice Seeds under Salt Stress)

为深入了解盐胁迫下外源硅(Si)对水稻种子萌发的作用,采用溶液培养法研究了外源Si对盐胁迫下野生型和硅突变体水稻(不能正常吸收Si)种子萌发各指标的影响.结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的提高(0～150mmol·L-1),两种水稻的芽长、发芽势、发芽率均不断降低.在150mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,野生型和硅突变体水稻的芽长分别为0.33cm和0.55cm,仅为对照的8.0%和11.1%;发芽率仅为对照的29.7%和53.7%;发芽势则分别降低至0%和2%.外源Si可以提高盐胁迫下两种水稻的发芽指标,且对硅突变体水稻的影响显著大于野生型水稻.2mmol·L-1Si浸种+2mmol·L-1Si处理可使野生型水稻芽长、芽重和发芽率分别比对照增加127.27%、169.23%和55.17%,发芽势则由对照时的0%提高至23.33%;硅突变体水稻芽长、芽重和发芽率分别比对照增加307.27%、285.71%和80.29%,发芽势则由对照时的2%提高至82.22%.     

Essential and toxic elements in meat of wild and bred animals

Essential and toxic elements were determined by Energy Dispersive Polarized X-Rays Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDPXRF) in the meat of 145 wild and bred animals to provide the baseline data regarding meat of wild and bred animals consumed in central Italy. As far as K, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Cu are concerned, no significant differences resulted between young and adults and between males and females for farmed and wild animals. No marked differences were found between hunted and non-hunted animals groups. In all samples analyzed, Mn, Cr, and Mo were below the detection limit. As far as the non-essential or toxic elements are concerned, As, Cd, V, and Hg concentrations in muscle from wild and bred animals were low and always below the detection limits. Among the wild animals killed with lead (Pb) bullets, elevated Pb concentrations in tissues were detected. This finding may result in elevated Pb levels in meat ingested by humans.     

Levels and congener profiles of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in Baltic wild salmon (Salmo salar)

Baltic salmons were caught from two Latvian rivers during the spawning seasons of 2010 and 2011 for the determination of seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorine-substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A partially automated clean-up procedure was used for sample preparation, followed by capillary gas chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The concentrations of PCDD/F&;PCB-TEQ ranged from 6.6 to 18.2?ng?kg^?1 fresh weight and this confirms the previous reports of relatively high concentrations of PCDD/Fs, and especially of dioxin-like PCBs in Baltic wild salmon, in most samples exceeding maximum recommended levels (MRLs) in toxicity equivalency quotients (PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ) of the World Health Organization (WHO 1998) according to EC COMMISSION REGULATION No 1881/2006. The results suggest that high consumption of Baltic wild salmon could entail the risk of exceeding the TDI for adults and teenagers. Extra care must be taken when Baltic wild salmon is included in childrens's diet to avoid exceedance of the recommended TDI of 4?pg?kg^?1 body weight for this group.     

Trace element concentration levels in three bird species in Hormod Protected Area,Larestan, Iran

The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu, in A. chukar, A. griseogularis, and Columba livia, in order to (1) examine the age- and gender-related variation in trace metal accumulation and (2) to determine the significance between metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in the kidney of A. chukar, A. griseogularis, and C. livia were 3.7, 4.1, and 3.9?µg/g and 15.9, 13.6, and 15.5?µg/g, respectively. In the liver, they were 4.8, 4.3, and 3.9?µg/g and 21.4, 21.3, and 21.1?µg/g, and in the pectoral muscle, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.2?µg/g and 7.1, 7.1, and 7.8?µg/g, respectively. Metal concentrations in three bird species were decreased in the sequence of liver?>?kidney?>?pectoral muscle. Trace metal concentrations in the three species were higher in females than in males. The mean concentrations of Cd in the kidney and liver were higher than the background levels, as well as Pb concentrations in the liver were higher than the toxic level.