CEMS检测平台流场效应研究与工程设计

本研究项目设计了小型立式环型风洞系统和流场模拟两套实验装置。用工程流体力学实验的方法，对系统内气体压力、流量变化的调节控制方法、通风机的能量消耗，以及在检测平台系统工作段形成均匀流动流场的设计方法等工程实际问题，进行了一系列的试验研究。在试验研究的基础上确定了检测平台系统的设计方案。     

Estimation of the surface stress from the streamwise pressure gradient: The Kármán Integral Momentum Equation revisited

A method is developed to estimate the stress at the surface in a portable wind tunnel for wind erosion studies. The boundary layer height and the pressure gradient are used in a simple expression from the Kármán Integral Momentum Equation. Values of friction velocity u _* are within 10% of experimental values obtained through correlation techniques, including measurements of differential pressures with the Murdoch Turbulence Probe MTP and the X-wire, hot-wire anemometer XWA. Wind velocity and stress profiles reveal logarithmic trends and a constant stress layer near the surface in the DAWA portable wind tunnel. Realignment of the statistics with the mean wind is essential.     

茉莉酸甲酯诱导烟草幼苗抗病与过氧化物酶活性和木质素含量的关系

探讨了茉莉酸甲酯（ｍｅｔｈｙｌｊａｓｍｏｎａｔｅ,ＭｅＪａ）诱导烟草幼苗抗炭疽病与过氧化物酶活性和木质素含量的关系．ＭｅＪａ处理烟草幼苗不仅可以提高幼苗抗炭疽病的能力,而且明显提高幼苗的过氧化物酶活性和木质素含量;ＧＨ５５和ＢＺ品种的酶活性与抗病有较高的相关性,但没有达到显著水平,表明过氧化物酶在茉莉酸甲酯诱导抗病中不起关键作用,而木质素含量与抗病密切相关     

关于酒泉某矿井空气预热系统的探讨

我国矿井空气预热最常用方法之一为空气加热器方法,这类系统在实际运行过程中存在一些问题。通过对酒泉某矿井预热方式分析,提出了此方法在空气设备选型及其布置形式和系统自动控制等方面的一些改进意见。     

Pt/MgO催化剂上NOx存储-还原反应性能

采用稀燃-富燃交替运行方式,研究存储-还原型催化剂Pt/MgO的NOx存储性能以及C3H6还原NOx反应性能.氧化存储段,NOx可被有效存储;当氧化性气氛转换为还原性气氛后,出现一个NOx峰,降低了总的转化效果.NOx峰的大小与存储段和还原段时间之比、温度等因素有关;400℃时NOx峰最小,总转化率最高.5 h循环实验表明,400℃时Pt/MgO催化剂再生良好,NOx转化率稳定在96%.于反应气氛中添加100 mg/m3SO2进行了5 h抗硫性实验,Pt/MgO催化剂的抗硫中毒能力明显强于Pt/BaO/Al2O3.     

Characterizing the antibiotic resistance genes in a river catchment: Influence of anthropogenic activities

Previous studies on environmental antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs) have focused on the pollution sources such as wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture and livestock farms,etc. Few of them had addressed this issue in a regional scale such as river catchment. Hence,the occurrence and abundances of 23 ARGs were investigated in surface water samples collected from 38 sites which located from the river source to estuary of the Beijiang River.Among them, 11 ARGs were frequently detected in this region and 5 ARGs(sul I, sul II, tet B,tet C, and tet W) were selected for their distribution pattern analysis. The abundances of the selected ARGs were higher in the upstream(8.70 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) and downstream areas(3.17 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) than those in the midstream areas(1.23 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA), which was positively correlated to the population density and number of pollution sources. Pollution sources of ARGs along the Beijiang River not only had a great impact on the abundances and diversity, but also on the distribution of specific ARGs in the water samples. Both sul I and sul II were likely originated from aquaculture farms and animal farms,tet W gene was possibly associated with the mining/metal melting industry and the electric waste disposal and tet C gene was commonly found in the area with multiple pollution sources.However, the abundance of tet B was not particularly related to anthropogenic impacts. These findings highlight the influence of pollution sources and density of population on the distribution and dissemination of ARGs at a regional scale.     

Atmosphic pollutants study of particles ionic species during high wind speed (>7 m s-1) near Taiwan strait in central Taiwan from 2004 to 2005

This study monitored atmospheric pollutants during high wind speed (> 7 m s⁻¹) at two sampling sites: Taichung Harbor (TH) and Wuci traffic (WT) during March 2004 to January 2005 in central Taiwan. The correlation coefficient (R ²) between TSP, PM_2.5, PM_2.5−10 particle concentration vs. wind speed at the TH and WT sampling site during high wind speed (< 7 m s⁻¹) were also displayed in this study. In addition, the correlation coefficients between TSP, PM_2.5 and PM_2.5−10 of ionic species vs. high wind speed were also observed. The results indicated that the correlation coefficient order was TSP > PM_2.5−10 > PM_2.5 for particle at both sampling sites near Taiwan strait. In addition, the concentration of Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, NH₄ ⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ were also analyzed in this study.     

青藏高原典型高寒森林地带CH4浓度特征分析

基于波长扫描光腔衰荡光谱线监测系统在海螺沟国家大气背景站(以下简称海螺沟站)开展甲烷(CH_4)连续自动监测,通过局部近似回归法进行背景值筛分分析。结果表明:2016、2017年海螺沟站CH_4年均体积分数和筛分的背景体积分数接近,两者浓度水平与北半球中纬度地区全球本底站CH_4浓度水平相当;海螺沟站CH_4能够代表背景区域浓度水平。海螺沟站CH_4体积分数呈春、夏季低,秋、冬季高特征,季节变化主要受到特定的地理环境和大气环流的影响,大气环流占主导影响。夏季CH_4体积分数最低但日振幅最大,与高原高海拔背景下森林地带的辐射对流引起局地扩散作用有关。采用逐步逼近回归筛分CH_4监测数据,海螺沟站CH_4背景季浓度变化和北半球中高纬度地区其他背景站大气CH_4的季节变化特征以及CH_4季体积分数振幅基本一致。背景站四季的CH_4载荷贡献在16个风向分布结果表明,在春、夏季存在西风带下南亚方向污染物气团的远距离输送;青藏高原东部近地面在冬季处于反气旋冷高压控制下,而SSW方向风向能够短暂打破这种稳定的气象条件,污染物得到迅速扩散,SSW为负贡献。     

茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对水稻幼苗的抗旱生理效应

茉莉酸类物质(Jas)是植物体内广泛存在的生长调节物质,它作为内源信号分子参与植物在机械伤害、病虫害、干旱、盐胁迫、低温等条件下的抗逆反应。选用抗旱性存在明显差异的两个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种中二欧六和丰华占作为实验材料,通过设置对照、干旱、干旱 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)三种处理研究了茉莉酸甲酯对水稻幼苗的抗旱生理效应。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫后两个水稻品种幼苗叶片水势均显著降低,而干旱后喷施茉莉酸甲酯能明显增加叶片的水势,改善叶片的水分状况,抗旱性强的品种水势增加幅度较大。干旱胁迫后水稻叶片的抗氧化酶活性,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)和有机渗透调节物质,包括可溶性糖、脯氨酸及游离氨基酸含量均大幅度上升,而干旱 茉莉酸甲酯处理则能降低了这些物质的含量,两个水稻品种的变化趋势表现一致。研究结果表明外施茉莉酸甲酯在一定程度上能减缓干旱胁迫对水稻幼苗造成的伤害,有效地提高抗旱性,但这这种增强效应在不同水稻品种间存在一定差异。     

An integrated modelling approach to assess the risk of wind-borne spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus from infected premises

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock that has serious consequences on livestock production and trade. In Australia, preparedness and planning includes the development of decision-support tools that would assist priority setting and resource management in the event of an incursion. In this paper we describe an integrated modelling approach using geographic information system (GIS) technology to assess the risk of wind-borne spread of FMD virus. The approach involves linking an intra-farm virus production model, a wind transport and dispersal model, and an exposure-risk model to identify and rank farms at risk of wind-borne infection of FMD. This will assist authorities by enabling resources for activities like surveillance and vaccination to be allocated on the basis of risk.