中国风机制造技术转移模式与技术进步效果评价

根据技术转移过程中技术受方的性质,将中国风机制造技术转移分为"外商独资企业"、"中外合资企业"和"中资企业"三种模式.通过技术转移的层次、技术先进程度、技术转移的规模、技术转移的速度,对三种模式下技术转移的效果进行了评价.研究发现,通过技术转移,中国风机制造技术有了迅速的发展,但落后于国际先进水平的情况仍没有改变.中资企业的技术转移模式在转移技术的层次、技术转移规模和技术转移速度上,都要优于外商独资企业和中外合资企业模式,对中国风机制造技术进步的作用更大.在此基础上,本文提出,在中资企业模式下,在引进技术的同时,积极消化吸收,并重视与外国企业开展联合研发,才能最终获得创新能力.这也应当成为中国政府激励政策作用的重点.     

Global effects of extreme temperatures on wild bumblebees

Climate plays a key role in shaping population trends and determining the geographic distribution of species because of limits in species’ thermal tolerance. An evaluation of species tolerance to temperature change can therefore help predict their potential spatial shifts and population trends triggered by ongoing global warming. We assessed inter- and intraspecific variations in heat resistance in relation to body mass, local mean temperatures, and evolutionary relationships in 39 bumblebee species, a major group of pollinators in temperate and cold ecosystems, across 3 continents, 6 biomes, and 20 regions (2386 male specimens). Based on experimental bioassays, we measured the time before heat stupor of bumblebee males at a heatwave temperature of 40 °C. Interspecific variability was significant, in contrast to interpopulational variability, which was consistent with heat resistance being a species-specific trait. Moreover, cold-adapted species are much more sensitive to heat stress than temperate and Mediterranean species. Relative to their sensitivity to extreme temperatures, our results help explain recent population declines and range shifts in bumblebees following climate change.     

湘西金矿沃溪矿区通风系统改造研究

基于矿井目前通风系统存在的问题,运用子域分区单元子系统通风方式、不同类型的中段通风网路、风流净化、入风流预冷、自然风压的合理利用等技术对通风系统进行 了优化改造.系统改造后,风量充足,风流稳定,通风能力与生产能力相适应,较好地解决了深部通风问题,取得了显著的技术效果和节能效益.     

Ozone Dry Deposition Velocities for Coastal Waters

Air-sea exchange rates for ozone were measured by the eddy correlation technique at a site on the north Norfolk coast in the UK. The average surface resistance to ozone uptake was found to be, r_s(O₃) = 1,000 ± 100 s m^-1. Micrometeorological measurements of trace gas fluxes to ocean surfaces are rare but a review of available measurements suggests that we can constrain sea water surface resistance for ozone to between 1,000 (Regener (1974), and this work) and 1,890 s m^-1 (Lenschow et al., 1982), yielding surface deposition velocities between 0.53 and 1.0 mm s^-1. These values are more than an order of magnitude greater than can be explained by laboratory determined mass accommodation coefficients for ozone to water. The importance of dry deposition with respect to process air-sea exchange models is highlighted. A trend in surface deposition velocity with wind speed was also observed supporting a surface chemical enhancement mechanism of ozone uptake which in turn is enhanced by near surface mixing processes.     

百善煤矿通风系统阻力测定及分析

为掌握百善煤矿井下通风阻力分布及井下通风系统稳定性,根据百善煤矿通风系统实际情况,选择6条测定路线,采用精密气压计逐点测定法,对其通风系统阻力进行测定,全面掌握矿井通风系统的阻力分布情况。分析结果表明:百善煤矿通风系统阻力分布基本合理,风量能够满足矿井实际生产的需求,矿井通风阻力主要集中在回风段。笔者针对百善煤矿通风系统的稳定性提出了合理的建议。     

Induction of glutathione reductase enzyme activity by β‐aminobutyric acid in plant leaves

Abstract

Treatment of pea and tobacco leaf discs with the resistance inducer DL‐β‐amino‐n‐butyric acid (BABA) led to a substantial induction of glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.6.4.2.) enzyme activity. After exposure to 1 mM BABA for 96 hrs, the GR activities were 3.2‐fold and 2.9‐fold higher in pea and tobacco leaf discs, respectively, than GR activities in untreated controls. Elevated GR levels may contribute to the antioxidative protection of plants during pathogen attack.     

关于酒泉某矿井空气预热系统的探讨

我国矿井空气预热最常用方法之一为空气加热器方法,这类系统在实际运行过程中存在一些问题。通过对酒泉某矿井预热方式分析,提出了此方法在空气设备选型及其布置形式和系统自动控制等方面的一些改进意见。     

The platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene derived from Trichoderma harzianum induces maize resistance to Curvularia lunata through the jasmonic acid signaling pathway

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) derived from Trichoderma harzianum was upregulated by the interaction of T. harzianum with maize roots or the foliar pathogen Curvularia lunata. PAF-AH was associated with chitinase and cellulase expressions, but especially with chitinase, because its activity in the KO40 transformant (PAF-AH disruption transformant) was lower, compared with the wild-type strain T28. The result demonstrated that the colonization of maize roots by T. harzianum induced systemic protection of leaves inoculated with C. lunata. Such protection was associated with the expression of inducible jasmonic acid pathway-related genes. Moreover, the data from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that the concentration of jasmonic acid in maize leaves was associated with the expression level of defense-related genes, suggesting that PAF-AH induced resistance to the foliar pathogen. Our findings showed that PAF-AH had an important function in inducing systemic resistance to maize leaf spot pathogen.     

细菌对重金属的抗性及解毒机理研究进展

重金属污染物随工业废水排放到环境中,并通过生物链的富集作用,对环境和人类健康造成极大危害.自然界中很多微生物对重金属具有吸附性、耐受性和减小毒性损伤的特点.其中,细菌因其结构简单且易于培养,被广泛应用于研究对重金属的抗性及解毒.选取银(Ag)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)和铬(Cr)4种重金属,结合国内外的研究成果,系统地探讨了细菌对重金属的抗性及解毒机理.     

新型风幕控尘除尘机除尘系统数值模拟

针对以往风幕存在不能全断面封闭掘进工作面的问题,设计了一种240°弧形风幕控尘除尘机除尘系统,利用流体力学计算软件Fluent对此系统的风幕宽度、除尘机压力、风幕与吸尘口距离和除尘效果进行了模拟.结果表明:当局扇提供的风量为280 m3/min,风幕宽度为50mm时,抗扩散能力较弱,风幕宽度为100 mm时,风幕风速分布较均匀,抗扩散能力较强,风幕宽度选取150 mm时,末速度达不到阻尘的作用;在风幕宽度为100 mm、风幕距除尘机吸尘口2.4 m的条件下,除尘机压力为-400 Pa和-500 Pa时,不利于粉尘的排出,除尘机压力为-250 Pa和-350 Pa时除尘效果较好;在风幕宽度为100nn、除尘机压力为-350 Pa的条件下,风幕距除尘机吸尘口距离小于2.0m时,不利于粉尘的排出,间距大于2.4m时除尘效果良好;当风幕宽度为100 mm、风幕与吸尘口间距2.4m时,除尘机压力-350 Pa比-250 Pa更有利于粉尘的排出.研究表明,240°弧形风幕控尘除尘机除尘系统在合理的工况参数下除尘效果更好.