钛合金ZrN耐磨抗冲蚀防护涂层

采用真空多弧镀设备在TC11钛舍金表面沉积超硬耐磨ZrN防护涂层,通过增压气流固体颗粒冲蚀实验评价ZrN涂层的耐磨抗冲蚀性能,划痕仪测试涂层与基体的结合力,SEM、X射线分析涂层组成及观察涂层冲蚀前后表面形貌,盐雾及电化学实验测试涂层耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,ZrN涂层成分主要为（111）择优取向的ZrN相;ZrN涂层不影响钛合金的耐腐蚀性能及疲劳性能;ZrN涂层与基体结合牢固．涂层大大提高了基体的耐磨抗冲蚀性能。     

钢管混凝土柱耐火性能和抗火设计的特点

简要论述了按ISO－834和GS9978－88规定的标准升温曲线升温作用下钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的特点,分析了影响钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的因素,说明了由于钢管和混凝土的共同工作且核心混凝土具有较好的吸热性能,从而使钢管混凝土柱具有较好的耐火性能。在进行钢管钢混凝土柱的抗火设计时,柱子外围只需进行适当的防火涂料保护,即可达到《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》对柱结构所要求的耐火极限。《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》中对钢结构柱防火保护层厚度的确定方法不适合于钢管混凝土。     

在超滤草浆黑液过程中膜阻力的分布

采用截留分子量30000,20000,10000和6000的超滤膜,对草浆黑液进行了超滤过程中膜阻力分布的研究.通过测定不同条件下膜样品的通量,对聚乙二醇标准物的截留率,指出在超滤黑液过程中各部分阻力的比例和超滤膜的分离特性的变化.各种膜样品的热重分析结果表明,膜污染是由微量有机物引起的污染.     

风电机组噪声特性研究

以山东某平原风电场机组为例,对机组噪声进行仿真与测试研究.研究分析了风电机组噪声源频率特性、不同风速下的噪声声功率级及噪声的衰减特性,研究结果验证了Focus仿真软件在预测风电机组噪声源的可靠性.该研究为风电场噪声预测及降噪方案的研究提供了参考.     

建筑物结构变化对大气污染影响的试验研究

通过风洞实验对大气污染物扩散特性进行了模拟试验研究,重点讨论了建筑物结构形式变化对周围环境污染浓度的影响,在此基础上对影响污染浓度的各个要素进行了分析与讨论,得到了大气污染物在复杂结构建筑物之间扩散的一般规律。     

环境风洞中动态风速的控制系统

提出了一种基于组态王6 0平台的环境风洞动态风速控制系统的调控方法。使用RS2 32 RS4 85接口和Modbus通讯协议,实现了“组态王”平台与ACS4 0 0变频器间的连接和通讯,通过变频器完成对风洞动力系统的控制,完成了微机监控下环境风洞中正弦型风谱的模拟。为进一步研究各种典型阵风风谱的模拟,提供了研究基础和有效手段。     

2004年夏季太湖梅梁湾席状漂浮水华风力漂移入湾量计算

太湖北部重度水华暴发时,在夏季盛行风推动下,漂浮的席状水华可由大太湖漂移进入位于太湖北部的梅梁湾,使湾内的水华加剧.本文通过室内风箱水槽实验和野外观测,对水华的风力漂移作了定量研究,建立了风速与水华漂移速度的指数相关方程.并据此对2004年夏季太湖北部发生席状水华的6d分别计算了水华风力漂移入湾量.6d中,只有2004-07-31水华漂移是由湾内向大太湖输出,且量很小,只有0.05 km²;其余5d水华漂移进入梅梁湾的面积占整个梅梁湾面积的3.7%～13.3%,进入量最大的是2004-06-11,达17.4km²,最少的是2004-07-30,为4.8 km².     

Importance of dispersal routes that minimize open‐ocean movement to the genetic structure of island populations

Islands present a unique scenario in conservation biology, offering refuge yet imposing limitations on insular populations. The Kimberley region of northwestern Australia has more than 2500 islands that have recently come into focus as substantial conservation resources. It is therefore of great interest for managers to understand the driving forces of genetic structure of species within these island archipelagos. We used the ubiquitous bar‐shouldered skink (Ctenotus inornatus) as a model species to represent the influence of landscape factors on genetic structure across the Kimberley islands. On 41 islands and 4 mainland locations in a remote area of Australia, we genotyped individuals across 18 nuclear (microsatellite) markers. Measures of genetic differentiation and diversity were used in two complementary analyses. We used circuit theory and Mantel tests to examine the influence of the landscape matrix on population connectivity and linear regression and model selection based on Akaike's information criterion to investigate landscape controls on genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation between islands was best predicted with circuit‐theory models that accounted for the large difference in resistance to dispersal between land and ocean. In contrast, straight‐line distances were unrelated to either resistance distances or genetic differentiation. Instead, connectivity was determined by island‐hopping routes that allow organisms to minimize the distance of difficult ocean passages. Island populations of C. inornatus retained varying degrees of genetic diversity (N_A = 1.83 – 7.39), but it was greatest on islands closer to the mainland, in terms of resistance‐distance units. In contrast, genetic diversity was unrelated to island size. Our results highlight the potential for islands to contribute to both theoretical and applied conservation, provide strong evidence of the driving forces of population structure within undisturbed landscapes, and identify the islands most valuable for conservation based on their contributions to gene flow and genetic diversity.     

Effects of Wind Energy Development on Nesting Ecology of Greater Prairie‐Chickens in Fragmented Grasslands

Wind energy is targeted to meet 20% of U.S. energy needs by 2030, but new sites for development of renewable energy may overlap with important habitats of declining populations of grassland birds. Greater Prairie‐Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) are an obligate grassland bird species predicted to respond negatively to energy development. We used a modified before–after control–impact design to test for impacts of a wind energy development on the reproductive ecology of prairie‐chickens in a 5‐year study. We located 59 and 185 nests before and after development, respectively, of a 201 MW wind energy facility in Greater Prairie‐Chicken nesting habitat and assessed nest site selection and nest survival relative to proximity to wind energy infrastructure and habitat conditions. Proximity to turbines did not negatively affect nest site selection (β = 0.03, 95% CI = ?1.2–1.3) or nest survival (β = ?0.3, 95% CI = ?0.6–0.1). Instead, nest site selection and survival were strongly related to vegetative cover and other local conditions determined by management for cattle production. Integration of our project results with previous reports of behavioral avoidance of oil and gas facilities by other species of prairie grouse suggests new avenues for research to mitigate impacts of energy development. Efectos del Desarrollo de la Energía Eólica sobre la Ecología de Anidación de Gallinas de la Gran Pradera en Pastizales Fragmentados     

荒漠绿洲土壤抗生素抗性基因分布特征及驱动机制

荒漠绿洲农田生态系统是干旱区环境下人类活动显著的复合生态系统.土壤微生物抗生素抗性与人类健康和生态平衡关系密切.研究荒漠绿洲环境不同土地利用类型模式下土壤抗生素抗性基因的多样性、分布特征和影响因素,对于评估干旱区土壤环境健康风险,促进绿洲农业生态的发展具有重要意义.采用高通量测序和高通量定量PCR技术对荒漠绿洲土壤微生物的群落结构和抗生素抗性基因多样性开展了研究,旨在探究干旱区土壤抗性基因的分布特征及其驱动机制.结果表明,从沙漠边缘到绿洲,荒漠沙生植物土壤、棉花地土壤、玉米地土壤、芦苇地土壤和湖泊沉积物中抗生素抗性的种类和丰度显著增加,与土地利用变化关系密切,农田土壤是抗性基因的重要存储库;荒漠绿洲土壤微生物群落与抗生素抗性基因显著相关,硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)、沙漠细菌属(Pontibacter)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、耐盐微杆菌属(Salinimicrobium)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等是各类抗性基因重要的潜在携带者;干旱区土壤中重(类)金属元素和可移动基因元件,与微生物群落共同塑造了抗生...