现浇X型混凝土桩的荷载传递机理初探

现浇X型混凝土桩技术是河海大学开发研制的用于地基加固处理的一项新技术。在模型试验的基础上,通过有限元方法研究了现浇X型混凝土桩的荷载传递机理,并与模型槽试验结果进行了对比,分析中考虑了桩和土之间的接触和土的非线性。通过数值分析,揭示了X型桩的截面形式对侧摩阻力分布、端阻力发挥的影响。计算结果表明,由于桩的泊松比效应,X型桩截面周边不同位置的侧阻力大小有所不同;X型桩中出现了类似于H型桩的"半封闭土塞",与圆截面桩相比,桩端附近的侧摩阻力有较明显的增加;X型桩的桩端承载力系数要小于圆截面桩的情况,体现了X型桩截面形状的影响。     

SDJ/W25高低温恒湿环境试验箱

在科技高速发展的今天,越来越多的精密仪器需要进行高低温及湿热试验,以便对试品在给定环境条件下的行为能力作出评价。精密仪器往往要求低风速,低震动和高精度温场。本文介绍环境试验设备如何实现低风速、低震动下,温场高精度。     

南亚热带丘陵土壤水分循环及其有效性的研究──Ⅶ.丘陵赤红壤-果树-大气连续体中水流阻力的变化及其分布规律

依据田间实测资料,运用水流的电模拟原理,定且分析了南亚热带丘陵赤红壤-果树（荔枝、芒果和龙眼）-大气连续体中水流阻力各分量的大小、变化规律及其相对重要性．结果表明,连续体中的水流阻力主要分布于从叶气孔腔到大气的扩散过程,荔枝、芒果、龙眼叶-气系统的水流阻力Rla占连续体水流总阻力Rsa的比例分别为93.65％～98.03、95.68％～99.03％、90.13％～98.71％;果树植株体的水流阻力Rp居其次,占Rsa的比例分别为1．97％～6．35％、0.97％～4.32％、0．08％～9．87％：土壤阻力Rs最小,占Rsa的比例小到可忽略不计,故叶-气系统的水流阻力是决定连缤体中水流速率的重要因素．     

VA菌根菌与植物的抗病性

VA菌根菌（VAM菌）与植物土传病害的关系受到广泛的研究。本文从VAM菌对植物抗病性的影响及其可能性机理和相应的农业管理措施等方面进行了介绍和评述,同时提出问题和展望,并强调该方面的研究在可持续发展农业中的重要性。     

水石流概化水槽试验相似律的探讨

针对水石流粒粗,粘性小的特点,提出了利用水槽进行分段模拟水石流的设想,首次通过几何率解决难度较大的阻力相似问题,改变以往过度加糙的方式,通过变粒径尺度的方法消除了相模型沙级配不连续相似的问题,较好地实现了固体物质级配相停,达到了泥石流的密度相似和输沙相似,通过水槽概化模型实验实例,对本方法进行了验证。     

城市土地生态适宜性分区划分研究

在新型城镇化与生态文明建设背景下,城市发展迫切需要合理布局以实现城市土地的节约集约利用,降低城市化过程中因建设用地肆意蔓延所导致的土地资源浪费与生态环境破坏影响。以常州市武进区为例,采用地形地貌、生态环境、交通设施、建设密度4类因子建立景观过程阻力赋值体系,结合GIS空间分析技术,以垂直生态过程的多因素多因子综合判别得到的生态保护用地扩张和城镇用地扩张阻力基面为基础,再以描述水平生态过程的最小累积阻力模型计算两种扩张过程的最小累积阻力值,并依据二者的最小累积阻力差值表面,从空间上将武进区划分为4个等级的城市土地生态适宜性分区,分别为优先建设区118.39 km²、适宜建设区233.60 km²、生态缓冲区777.91 km²、生态控制区115.90 km²,明确指出了各分区的空间布局,提出了相应的发展建议,以期为武进区未来城市发展提供科学合理的空间布局参考。同时考虑了垂直生态过程和水平生态过程,一定程度上弥补了传统方法只从景观单元垂直过程研究的不足之处,为生态适宜性分区划分的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。     

Soil Erosion: A Food and Environmental Threat

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental and public health problems facing human society. Humans obtain more than 99.7% of their food (calories) from the land and less than 0.3% from the oceans and other aquatic ecosystems. Each year about 10 million ha of cropland are lost due to soil erosion, thus reducing the cropland available for food production. The loss of cropland is a serious problem because the World Health Organization reports that more than 3.7 billion people are malnourished in the world. Overall soil is being lost from land areas 10 to 40 times faster than the rate of soil renewal imperiling future human food security and environmental quality.     

Sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on the performance of the wastewater treatment process

To reduce excess sludge, a Tubificidae reactor was combined with an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle (IODVC), and a new integrated system was developed for wastewater treatment. A pilot-scale of this integrated system was tested to investigate the sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on effluent quality and sludge production. The dominant worm was Branchnria Sowerbyi in the Tubificidae reactor after inoculation of Branchnria Sowerbyi and Limnodrilns sp., and the maximal volume density of wet Tubificidae in vessels of the Tubificidae reactor was 17600 g/m3. Two operational modes, treating the excess sludge (first mode) and the returned sludge (second mode) of IODVC by the Tubificidae reactor, were used in this experiment. The results showed that the excess sludge reduction rate was 46.4% in the first mode, and the average sludge yield of the integrated system was 6.19×10-5 kg SS/kg COD in the second mode. Though the sludge returned to IODVC via the Tubificidae reactor, it had little impact on the effluent quality and the sludge characteristics of the IODVC. No new type of recalcitrant substance in the supernatant was discharged into the environment when the sludge was treated by Tubificidae. The experimental results also indicated that no significant changes occurred on the viscosity, specific resistance, and the floc size distribution of the sludge.     

Sustainability： A view from the wind-eroded field

This article explores the assessment of sustainability in fields subject to wind erosion. In the first part, simple sustainability audits are examined, as of soil depth and nutrients. Direct measurement of these characteristics has many problems, largely because of huge variability in space and time at all scales. Modelling still has its problems, but it may be possible to overcome many of them soon. It is true that wind erosion preferentially removes soil nutrients, but there are imponderables even here. The nutrient balance in many of these soils includes considerable input from dust. In West Africa, it has been shown that the amounts of calcium and potassium that are added in dust are sufficient to fertilize dispersed crops. In mildly acidic sandy soils, such as those found on the widespread palaeo- aeolian deposits, much of the phosphorus is fixed and unavailable to plants by the time it is removed by wind erosion, so that erosion has no added downside. Most of the nutrients carried by dust have been shown to travel close to the ground （even when they are attached to dust-sized particles）, and so are trapped in nearby fallow strips, and are thus not lost to the farming system. Second, the sustalnabillty of a whole semi-arid farming system is explored. Wind erosion in semi-arid areas （like China, the Sahel and Norflawestern Europe） generally takes place on aeolian deposits of the recent geological past. Most of these soils are deep enough to withstand centuries of wind erosion before they are totally lost to production, and some of these soils have greater fertility at greater depth （so that wind erosion may even improve the soil）. Finally some remarks are made about environmental change in relation to sustainability.     

相对湿度测量数据的风速修正与压力修正举例

本文用四达公司生产的环境试验设备产品实测数据,讨论相对湿度风速修正与大气压力修正的必要性和计算方法.