基于CFD的土工离心机风阻及流场特性分析

目的估计土工离心机的风阻功率。方法针对一稳态运行的中低速土工离心机,利用多参考坐标系(MRF)模拟转臂与墙壁之间的相对运动,对离心机稳态运行时机室内的空气流场进行CFD仿真,对计算流体力学仿真、解析公式方法和试验的风阻功率进行对比。结果三种方法得到的风阻功率较为接近,验证了数值仿真方法的正确性。同时,研究了机室内空气流速和压力的空间分布特征,验证了经典解析公式的假设合理性。结论 CFD仿真方法避免了传统解析方法对试验数据的依赖和参数选取主观性,能够得到较高精度的分析结果,该研究为基于计算流体力学的土工离心机的高置信度风阻计算打下了基础。     

基于小波和 EMD 的电阻探针监测信号自适应去噪

目的从监测信号中恢复有效腐蚀信息(长期变化趋势、周期性窄带尖峰),提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)和小波阈值去噪(Wavelet Threshold Denoised,WTD)相结合的自适应去噪算法(EMD-WTD)。方法先将信号进行EMD分解,利用最大信息系数(Max Information Coefficient,MIC)判断噪声主导和有效信号主导信号分量的分界点,然后将噪声主导的信号分量进行自适应小波阈值去噪。最后以人工模拟信号和电阻探针监测信号进行验证。结果 EMD-WTD算法能有效去除噪声,信噪比可提升10 d B以上。结论与多个去噪算法相比,EMD-WTD算法能够更好地保留信号中周期性窄带尖峰信息,为后续准确建立电阻探针监测信号与环境之间的数学模型奠定了基础。     

35Cr2Ni4MoA 材料防腐蚀性能验证研究

目的验证35Cr2Ni4MoA材料采取镀硬铬、封孔表面防护的耐腐蚀性能。方法开展35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面镀硬铬有无封孔防护状态下的实验室加速腐蚀环境试验,研究材料表面腐蚀行为特点,加速腐蚀试验共8个周期。通过蚀坑深度、腐蚀面积、单位面积腐蚀数量等描述35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面腐蚀情况。结果 35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面镀硬铬和封孔防护后试验件腐蚀程度明显减低。结论镀硬铬、封孔表面防护能有效提高海洋环境下35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面的耐蚀性能。     

东沙群岛附近海域风候特征分析

目的利用近22年的CCMP(Cross-Calibrated,Multi-Platform)风场资料,对东沙群岛海域的风候特征进行深入研究,为军地海洋建设提供科学依据。方法利用具有高精度的CCMP风场资料,统计分析近22年期间东沙群岛附近海域的风候特征。结果东沙群岛附近海域的海表风速呈"W"状双峰型月变化。峰值出现在11、12和1月期间,海表风速在9 m/s左右,次峰值位于6月,海表风速在6 m/s左右,东沙海域的年平均风速为6.5 m/s。东沙海域的海表风速表现出"U"型日变化特征。东沙附近海域的风速主要分布于3~5级,即3.4~10.7 m/s之间,1月的大风频率明显高于7月。1月和10月,东沙附近海域的风向以NE向为主,7月受西南季风影响显著,风向以S-SW向为主,4月风向则以ENE和SSE向为主。从全年来看,风向以偏东北向为主,S-SW向居其次。在近22年期间,东沙海域的海表风速整体上以0.0424 m/(s·a)的速度显著性逐年线性递增。结论运用高精度的CCMP风场资料,通过统计分析方法得到了东沙群岛海域的风候特征,对军地海战场环境建设具有科学支持作用。     

转修饰豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(sck)抗虫甜椒植株的获得

以12－14d苗龄的甜椒带柄子叶为外植体，经根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）介导，将修饰的豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因（sck）导入甜椒杂交种“中椒5号”和常规种“茄门”中，在对甜椒转化系统和芽丛诱导茎伸长的条件进行优化研究后，获得了卡那霉素抗性植株，最高转化率为16．7％，卡那霉素抗性筛选、PCR检测和Southern blot杂交均证实，nptⅡ基因和sck基因整合进甜椒基因组中，室内离体叶片饲虫和田间自然抗虫性鉴定进一步证明，转基因植株对铃虫（Heliothis armigera Hubner）具有一定抗性。     

Eggshell strength of an obligate brood parasite: a test of the puncture resistance hypothesis

Eggs of several brood parasites have thicker and stronger shells than expected for their size. The present study evaluated the puncture resistance hypothesis for the occurrence of thick-shelled eggs in common cuckoos Cuculus canorus by investigating costs of cuckoo egg ejection in four Acrocephalus warblers—the great reed warbler A. arundinaceus, reed warbler A. scirpaceus, marsh warbler A. palustris and sedge warbler A. schoenobaenus. The three latter species all suffered ejection costs, while ejection was not costly in the larger great reed warbler. The occurrence of ejection costs was negatively related to host bill size. In the marsh warbler, we compared ejection costs in naturally parasitized nests and two experimental treatments, in which broods were parasitized artificially with great reed warbler and conspecific eggs. Hosts damaged their own eggs significantly more often when ejecting the thick-shelled cuckoo eggs than when ejecting the similarly sized but thinner-shelled great reed warbler eggs, providing some support for the puncture resistance hypothesis. Ejection of conspecific eggs did not involve any costs. Furthermore, contrary to predictions derived from the laying damage hypothesis, there was no evidence that egg damage was associated with cuckoo egg laying. Hosts damaging their own eggs during ejection were more likely to subsequently desert their clutches than those that did not. The frequency of clutches smeared with the contents of the ejected egg were positively related to the hypothesized difficulty of foreign egg puncturing. Potential advantages of thicker shells in common cuckoo eggs are discussed.     

Chemical determinants of resistance in winter-dormant seedlings of European white birch (Betula pendula) to browsing by the mountain hare

Summary A sample of one-year-old seedlings of European white birch (Betula pendula) was analyzed to determine the content of sugars, phenolics and terpenoid compounds. Two vertical segments of each seedling were analyzed separately. The number of resin droplets, which correlates strongly and negatively with feeding by the mountain hare, was also counted on the bark of experimental seedlings. The variation in the palatability of birch seedlings to mountain hare was determined primarily by the most abundant terpenoid, papyriferic acid. On the other hand, the resistance to hare feeding at the seedling bases, which are frequently attacked by voles, appeared to be dependent on other components, apparently phenolic substances. Sugars did not affect the resistance of the tested seedlings. The variation among experimental seedlings was much greater for secondary substances, especially terpenoid compounds, than for sugars. It is suggested that this high variation in protective compounds may be an adaptive trait selected for by the feeding of generalist herbivores.     

与甘蔗抗黑穗病基因连锁的RAPD标记筛选

为了寻找与由黑粉菌(Ustilago sictaminea Syd．)引起的甘蔗黑穗病抗病基因连锁的分子标记，从而借助分子标记辅助选择(MAS)手段提高抗病育种效率，用甘蔗抗病亲本Co1001为母本，用感病亲本Ya71-374为父本，配置杂交组合创制抗病性分离群体为材料，采用人工接种新植蔗，田问种植方法鉴定分离个体新植和宿根的抗病性，借助RAPD和集群分离分析法(BSA)，筛选出一个与抗病基因连锁的多态性片段，并在抗、感池中的个体和池外部分个体上得到验证，该片段大小约520bp．对该片段的进一步克隆、测序和转换研究还在进行中，研究结果为抗病育种的MAS奠定了基础．图2表3参12     

油菜素内酯诱导黄瓜幼苗抗灰霉病研究

采用根际注射结合叶面喷施的方法,研究了油菜素内酯(Brassinolide,BR)对黄瓜灰霉病的诱抗作用及其生理机制.结果表明,BR降低了黄瓜幼苗的病情指数,最高幅度达28.4%,提高了苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,增加了木质素和类黄酮含量,促进了灰霉病菌侵染下黄瓜幼苗的生长发育,壮苗指数最高增加了23.4%.说明BR能诱导黄瓜幼苗对灰霉病的抗性,且最佳处理浓度为0.05mg/L.图3表1参28     

菊酯类杀虫剂抗性棉铃虫para型钠离子通道基因的部分序列测定与突变

昆虫神经系统para型钠离子通道是菊酯类杀虫剂的主要靶标，对10多种昆虫的研究表明，钠离子通道基因发生点突变与昆虫对菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性密切相关．通过RT-PCR扩增的方法，我们获得了编码溴氰菊酯抗性和敏感品系棉铃虫钠离子通道域Ⅱ-Ⅳ的cDNA片段．核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列分析结果表明，溴氰菊酯抗性品系棉铃虫钠离子通道基因不存在其它昆虫中报道的kdr和super-kdr抗性突变，但是我们发现了一个甲硫氨酸(M)到亮氨酸(L)的新突变，该突变位于域Ⅱ和Ⅲ之间．由于昆虫钠离子通道高度保守，因此，该突变很可能与棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯的抗性有关．另外，通过PCR扩增的方法，克隆了棉铃虫钠离子通道域Ⅱ-Ⅳ的基因片段，该片段全长7334bp，包含有13个外显子和12个内含子，与果蝇和烟蚜夜蛾相比，内含子在基因中的位置基本一致，进一步表明昆虫钠离子通道基因在进化过程中高度保守．图5表1参22