上海市机动车发展的大气环境容量

研究了上海市机动车和固定源排放对环境中NOx 浓度的贡献率 ,采用ADMS Urban空气质量模型从环境容量角度提出上海市机动车发展的总量控制目标 .2 0 0 2年上海全市NOx 排放总量为 39 7× 10 4t/a ,其中中心城区机动车NOx 排放分担率81% ,浓度贡献率为 86 % .为实现 0 0 8mg/m3 年平均浓度容量控制目标 ,上海市机动车NOx 排放总量应控制在 3 5× 10 4t/a以下     

径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器直流二次风对流场及NO_x排放的影响

针对径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器直流二交风对出口冷态流动特性的影响进行了试验研究，并在一台２２０ｔ／ｈ锅炉和一台６７０ｔ／ｈ锅炉上进行了工业性试验。冷模试验表明，直流二次风对旋流燃烧器出口气流的流动和混合特性有重要影响。     

偏转二次风系统600MW燃煤锅炉NO_x排放特性及数值模拟

某 6 0 0MW四角切圆燃烧锅炉 ,采用顶部燃尽风系统并配合使用偏转二次风系统 ,炉膛下部二次风大角度正切 ,上部二次风和OFA风反切消旋 ,在炉膛截面水平方向和炉膛高度方向形成分级燃烧 .运行结果表明 ,该燃烧器布置方式能抑制炉内结渣 ,减轻炉膛出口扭转残余并能降低NOx 排放量 .通过工况试验 ,将锅炉的氮氧化物排放水平降低到国家标准限定值以下 .采用数值计算对该炉炉内流动、传热、燃烧和氮氧化物生成过程进行模拟     

籼爪交后代的花药培养效率

对爪畦稻J15、J21、J20以及J211与不同的籼型杂交稻三系亲本杂交后代不同世代进行了花药培养.结果表明:当同一爪哇稻与三系亲本杂交时,其F1花药培养力高低顺序为:爪哇稻/保持系>爪哇稻/恢复系>爪哇稻/不育系的杂种后代.这种差异可能存在细胞质效应.4个爪哇稻品种中,以J15所配组合的出愈率和培养力为最高,绿苗分化率以J20所配组合最高.低代材料花药在适合籼粳交的SK3培养基上反应较好,高代材料的花药在适合籼稻的M8培养基上反应较好.改良M8和改良SK3培养基的花培效果分别优于M8和SK3培养基.F5、F6代材料的花药在改良M8培养基上出愈率可超过50％.琼脂糖代替琼脂可显著提高出愈率和培养力.高温预培养(30-32℃)24 h其花药培养效率达到最高值.图2表3参15     

Antennal responses of four species of tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to volatiles collected from beetles,and their host and nonhost conifers

Summary. Host selection in tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is mediated by a complex of semiochemical cues. Using gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric analyses, we conducted a comparative study of the electrophysiological responses of four species of tree-killing bark beetles, the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Hopkins, the mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, D. rufipennis Kirby, and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, to volatiles captured by aeration of 1) bole and foliage of four sympatric species of conifers, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm., interior spruce, Picea engelmannii x glauca, and interior fir, Abies lasiocarpa x bifolia, and 2) con- and heterospecific beetles at three stages of attack. We identified 13 monoterpenes in the conifers and nine compounds in the volatiles of beetles that elicited antennal responses. There was no qualitative difference in the terpene constitution of the four species of conifers and very little difference across beetle species in their antennal response to compounds from conifers or beetles. The lack of species-specific major or minor components in conifers suggests that beetles would need to detect differences in the ratios of different compounds in conifers to discriminate among them. Attraction to hosts and avoidance of nonhost conifers may be accentuated by perception of compounds emitted by con- and heterospecific beetles, respectively. The 22 compounds identified are candidate semiochemicals with potential behavioural roles in host location and discrimination.     

Dynamics of Turbulence in Low-Speed Oscillating Bottom-Boundary Layers of Stratified Basins

This paper focuses on the impact of an oscillating low-speed current on the structure and dynamics of the bottom-boundary layer (BBL) in a small stratified basin. A set of high-resolution current profile measurements in combination with temperature-microstructure measurements were collected during a complete cycle of the internal oscillation (`seiching') in the BBL of Lake Alpnach, Switzerland. It was found that even a relatively long seiching period of 24 hours significantly changed the form of the near-bottom current profiles as well as the dynamics of the turbulent dissipation rate compared to the steady-state law-of-the-wall. A logarithmic fit to the measured current profiles starting at a distance of 0.5 m above the sediment led to inconsistent estimates of both friction velocity and roughness length. Moreover, a phase lag between the current and the turbulent dissipation of 1.5 hours and a persistent maximum in the current profile at a height of 2.5 to 3 m above the sediment were observed. The experimental findings were compared to the results of a k-x0g82559w35q6/xxlarge949.gif" alt="epsi" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> turbulence model and showed good agreement in general. Specifically, the inconsistent logarithmic fitting results and the observed phase lag were reproduced well by the model.     

静风频率对昆明大气中SO_2、NO_x的周期性影响

昆明大环境中ＳＯ２ 和ＮＯｘ 的浓度变化具有明显的周期性（ 周期为１ 年） 和同步性， 冬季相对较高， 春、秋、夏季相对较低。这种变化主要受静风频率变化的影响， ＳＯ２ 和ＮＯｘ 与静风频率之间存在十分明显的正相关性。     

活性炭选择性催化还原(SCR)烟道气中NO_X

研 究了几 种已商业 化的 沥青 基活 性 炭纤 维经 硫 酸进 一 步活 化处 理 后， 对烟 道 气 中 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ 进行选择 性催化还 原。结果 表明，当 气体中氧 含量 约低 于１０ ％ 时，硫 酸 活化 处理 可 提高 沥青 基 活性炭纤维 对 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ 选择性催 化还原的 活性。在 本实验 条件 下，获 得 较高 的 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ 还 原 率的 重要 条 件是气体中 氧含量 大于１０ ％ 和较 低的温度 ；将气体 中 Ｎ Ｏ 预氧化为 Ｎ Ｏ２ 可 显著提高 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ 的还 原率；气体中水 分的存 在降低活 性炭纤维 的活性     

Groundwater NO3 and F Contamination Processes in Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan as Reflected from 18O Isotopic Signature and 3H Recharge Studies

Agricultural activity in the Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan is constrained due to limited availability of good quality water. In this context, occurrence of nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater was investigated and reported. Integration of stable isotope (x48326130/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">18O) data with recharge characteristics (based on 3H-tracer studies) helps in clearly characterizing the processes controlling contamination by point and non-point sources. High nitrate and fluoride groundwaters are associated with high x48326130/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">18O waters. This indicates that significant quantities of evaporated (isotopically enriched) surface run-off water and rain water infiltrate along with nitrate and fluoride salts in the soil. The applicability of this approach under different hydrometeorological conditions is also confirmed.     

无锡市机动车尾气污染及防治初探

以无锡市市区3种典型道路作为研究对象，通过对道路二侧呼吸带空气中CO、NOx、HC、Pb、TSP等污染物浓度的分析，评述道路交通污染特征和治理效果，从而提出了治理交通污染的对策与建议。