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631.
Mathieu Rousselin 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2016,18(2):197-213
As part of the debate on the legitimacy of governance networks in global environmental politics, this article investigates the conditions under which policy solutions can be transferred worldwide as a result of a particular type of interaction within transnational expert networks and technical committees. To this end, the article hypothesises that policy solutions can be legitimised in governance networks meeting four cumulative criteria: participation, flexibility, horizontality and inclusiveness. This hypothesis is then tested by means of two heuristic case studies dedicated to the worldwide transfer of environmental standards via United Nations specialized agencies. The empirical work partly strengthens the validity of the hypothesis but also underscores the limits of legitimation strategies in the face of strong heterogeneity of interests. In such cases, environmental policy networks may adopt fairly “vertical” features and resort to classical bargaining and constraint strategies whereby compromises are exchanged and power asymmetries are mobilised. 相似文献
632.
Cities have increasingly become the focal point for climate change initiatives. However, how cities respond to climate change challenges and through what mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. This paper develops a framework for local governance to examine and explain climate change initiatives in cities. Based on the analysis of 20 climate change initiatives in major cities and a detailed case study of Hong Kong, this paper has two main findings. First, local governments at the city level have an important role to play in climate change policies by embracing some key strategies (such as deliberation and partnership) and values (such as equity and legitimacy) of good governance. Second, by comparing and contrasting the experience in other cities, our case study of Hong Kong provides insights about the barriers that may limit a city's ability to adapt to new forms of governance that would enable it to better respond to climate change. The paper concludes by exploring the potential role of local governance as a model to strengthen climate change initiatives at the city level. 相似文献
633.
老庄道家思想蕴含着丰富的生态智慧,前人的研究为其在生态治理中\"致大用\"提供了现实举证与理论观点。老庄思想中辩证的\"反向性\"有助于生态危机面前人类的自我反省,其\"道\"的\"本根性\"有助于引领生态治理走向最佳路径。当前生态治理存在主体松散化、客体碎片化、政府治理单边化、生态公正边缘化、生态修复人工化的困局。老庄道家思想为我们提供了具有针对性的行为准则。生态治理主体应具有\"以天下观天下\"的大智慧、大胸襟,生态问题防御要以\"正反相随、祸福相依\"的观念总揽根源,政府要善用\"无为\"来调动生态环境的社会共治,生态公正需要树立\"以小为大\"的价值观,生态修复需要树立\"辅万物之自然\"的生存理念。 相似文献
634.
Tara Kolar Bryan 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(4):573-586
Political inaction at the federal level in the United States has driven increased attention to the importance of planning for climate change at the metropolitan level. This study reports on a survey of 25 regional councils in the United States that measures the extent to which they have adopted climate change plans and to identify the factors that influence their ability to implement climate change initiatives. The findings revealed that a majority of regional councils are involved in planning for and seeking to reduce climate change, and that existing efforts in complementary policy domains make this involvement possible. The findings support a multi-level framework to assess the institutional capacity of regional councils to implement climate change policy and planning in a metropolitan area. 相似文献
635.
城市品质化发展与现代化治理的时代进程,迫切要求政府持续深化“邻避”风险防范化解。对城市“邻避”风险情境要素的考察发现,当前“邻避”风险的环境敏感性、经济相关性同近年来低烈度的区域扩散趋势叠加,政府“邻避”风险决策的地方性特征与治理议题的多元化趋势叠加,媒体在风险扩散中的高动员性与网络社群的分散化趋势叠加,公众“邻避”行动的抗争性与动机的多重性叠加。面对“邻避”风险情境演变所施加的治理压力,政府需从“增长逻辑”向“发展逻辑”转变,重新明确“邻避”风险治理中的政府角色。进而,本文从常态治理机制、提升决策品质、推动“去污名化”的知识生产、全面保障公众利益等方面具体探讨政府的治理应对。 相似文献
636.
本文从国家视域角度对不同阶段我国空间规划的整体演进加以解析。空间规划体系演进本质上是在主导价值取向、社会经济模式、国家治理体系等整体背景环境的影响下,人(群)的需求/目标诉诸一系列有组织的空间治理工具,对地域空间系统进行综合干预的一个时空演进过程。我国空间规划体系的历程解析需要重点关注“社会经济阶段及国家战略导向—国家治理体系的整体安排与调整—地域空间特征与变化引致的治理尺度更易”所联立的三大子过程。研究发现,纵观1949年后我国空间规划体系的演变历程,规划的功能定位从单一工具向多类型的复杂工具体系发展;规划干预和空间治理的目标与任务也从开发建设导向变为开发保护兼顾,进而强调多元平衡和优化。而这一过程深受国家治理体系和战略取向的塑造,即由国家基本建设转变为以经济建设为中心,由社会经济调控向社会经济生态综合调整转变。 相似文献
637.
Finance is a precondition for many of the activities that harm ecosystems, but how to address this underlying driver of biodiversity loss remains a topic of debate. This paper reviews the Task Force on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), a corporate-led effort that aims to identify how changes to biodiversity may create financial risks for companies and investors. This approach is also promoted as a strategy for managing the impact of business on biodiversity, with the assumption that risk disclosure will more effectively price biodiversity-harming activities. We assess the potential of the TNFD toward this end, and invite conservation scientists, practitioners, and policymakers to engage critically with its theory of change. We find that the relationship between disclosing biodiversity risk and redirecting finance away from environmental degradation is tenuous and unproven, making this mechanism insufficient for addressing the impact of the financial sector on nature. We question the embrace of another industry-led mechanism that implies that a lack of information is the greatest barrier to stopping biodiversity loss. Further, there are risks that this financial sector approach to biodiversity will reinforce the highly unequal concentration of power and wealth, which is itself inimical to transformative change, as called for by the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. 相似文献
638.
四个方面的情况表明,我国必须高度重视生态环境技术服务体系建设问题:一是随着污染防治攻坚战在向纵深推进过程中,地方政府“不会管”、企业“不会治”的问题比较普遍,且日益突出;二是目前各级生态环境部门,特别是市、县两级生态环境技术支持力量薄弱、专业化能力不足,难以支撑当地政府和企业治理环境污染的技术需求;三是目前的生态环境技术服务市场尚满足不了实际需求;四是无论是从结构还是从作用看,生态环境技术服务体系已成为生态环境治理体系和治理能力的短板。因此,构建生态环境技术服务体系是推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容,其作用是,在要求环境责任主体做什么的同时,帮助和指导他们怎么做,解决“不会管”和“不会治”的问题。现阶段,政府推动构建生态环境技术服务体系的重点任务:一是明确职能,系统谋划,做好顶层设计;二是强化相关能力建设;三是建立和完善生态环境标准和重大规划与行动计划的配套技术方案制度;四是培育、壮大和规范生态环境技术服务市场;五是以生态环境科技成果转化为抓手,牵引技术服务体系建设。 相似文献
639.
ESG是推动企业绿色低碳高质量发展的重要手段。本文探讨了美丽中国建设战略下环境、社会和公司治理(ESG)体系建设的思路与路径。研究认为,构建本土化ESG体系是行业绿色发展和健全绿色资本市场的关键举措,不仅有助于企业在经济增长中兼顾环保与社会责任,还能提升企业的竞争力,是美丽中国建设的重要内涵和任务举措。最后,本文提出了完善法律法规、健全信息披露制度、提升评估与评级的科学性与公信力等ESG体系建设重点任务,认为ESG体系建设要同步做好相关政策统筹协调、建立健全监督评估与激励机制等保障能力建设。 相似文献
640.
Bronwyn L. McLean 《Local Environment》2015,20(12):1489-1506
This study aims to contribute to the field of urban planning by applying policy mobilities and transfer theories to a case study of the Capital Regional District and its 13 municipalities in British Columbia, Canada, in order to analyse and understand the dynamics of how sustainability is governed locally, with a special focus on barriers to sustainability policy mobility. The empirical material is primarily based on interviews with key stakeholders who guide policy development and creation in the region to inform an understanding of how sustainable development initiatives are developed and shared. This study finds that while there is interest and demand in sustainability, policy-makers are frustrated with their lack of success in implementing sustainability programmes. While there are some instances of policy sharing and transfer among municipalities in the region, there is a clear desire for more exchanges which would allow municipalities to respond more effectively to the demands placed upon them. Significant barriers to policy mobility are also identified, in particular, an unclear understanding of sustainability, a culture of competition and hostility among municipalities, difficulty with the process of transfer itself, and a lack of time, money and resources. These barriers are in part a result of a broken governance structure which does not provide clear leadership to the municipalities, sets municipalities to be competitive with each other and provides ineffective support for municipalities through an unwieldy regional administrative body which is not well regarded by the municipalities. 相似文献