自然村落景观“源—聚”空间演变的文化活态保护路径——以黑龙江省宾州镇为例

自然村落承载的乡土记忆是人类宝贵的文化遗产。面对经济变迁下的城镇化改造，如何借助空间特征定位村落文化保护的转型路径成为关键。本文探讨了将“源汇”嵌入文化景观进而拓展为景观”源—聚”的可行性，并以亟待转型的东北村落为例展开实证分析。结果表明：（1）景观“源—聚”方法突破了对单一要素和信息片面化关注的局限，能够借助区划手段探索文化空间的分区特征，支撑文化景观格局构建。（2）宾州镇以聚落生活区为主，主城区辐射带动效应明显，村落间文化联系紧密，可构建“中心—附属—外围”的层级传递与联动模式，促进乡村文化空间的协同发展。研究挖掘了乡土景观自然结构背后的文化意义，从理念与实践中探索了自然村落文化保护的活态路径。     

改性海泡石处理水中低质量浓度NO3-的研究

实验制备酸洗及负载纳米零价铁的海泡石,进行改性海泡石吸附及还原水中低质量浓度NO~-_3的实验研究。结果表明,对于酸洗海泡石(PNS)吸附NO~-_3,吸附效果高于天然海泡石,Freundlich模型比Langmuir模型更好地拟合NO~-_3等温吸附曲线,吸附过程为物理吸附非自发过程,吸附为放热反应,温度升高不利于吸附进行;负载纳米零价铁的海泡石(PNS-nZVI)处理水中NO~-_3符合准一级反应动力学模型。在一定范围内,酸性条件下促进NO~-_3的去除,质量浓度越大去除效果越好,温度在30℃时去除率达到峰值,最佳条件下去除率可达到95.4%。PNS-nZVI还原NO~-_3是一个递进过程,初始阶段NO~-_3先转化成中间产物NO~-_2和部分NH~+_4,随着反应进行NO~-_2逐步转化成NH~+_4,NH~+_4在反应产物中所占比重最大。     

广州轨道交通三号线高速行驶条件下对安全限界的影响研究

给出了轨道交通车辆横向偏移量的计算方法 ,并应用列车 -线路动力耦合模型 ,分析了广州地铁三号线的安全限界变化问题。确定了当前按 80km/h行车速度设计的建筑限界能满足 13 0km/h行车速度的要求 ,限界尺寸不需改动可保证列车运行安全平稳     

漕河大册营至西庄段水环境质量评价

漕河临近保定市区水源地,注入白洋淀,其水环境直接影响保定市水源地的水质安全和白洋淀的水环境.在采集大量数据的基础上,通过共源点灰色聚类法对漕河大册营至西庄段水质进行评价,结论为漕河大册营至大许城水段为五级水质,大许城到北楼村水段为四级水质.漕河虽有一定的自净能力,但是水质污染严重,应引起重视.     

β修正罗丹明B光度法测定工业废水中银

对β修正光度法测定废水中痕量银进行了研究，该方法能消除反应液中过量显色剂干扰，提高分析灵敏度和准确度。测定结果表明，银加标回收率９３．０－１０６．０％，精密度ＲＳＤ２．３％，银量低测定浓度０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ。该方法适合于印相，电镀等行业废水银分析。     

卤代芳烃对水生生物急性毒性的定量构效关系研究

提出表征成键原子生物活性的点价βi，由βi建构新的价连接性指数^nH，并用0阶指数^0H，1价指数^1H研究了卤代芳烃(含F、Cl、Br、OH、NH2、NO2和烷基等)对发光菌、呆鲦鱼、斜生栅列藻的急性毒性，给出了相关方程。结果表明，新方法计算简单，应用方便，估算结果均优于相应的文献方法。     

节水灌溉措施下湘东北丘陵林-稻汇水区复合系统铅的迁移

铅通过食物链的迁移和积累对人类健康的毒害作用日益为社会所重视,而水稻是人类铅摄入的主要途径之一,因此,对稻田土壤铅的迁入途径及其过程特征的研究十分必要.为了探明湖南地区远离城镇、工矿区的丘陵稻区铅的输入、迁移、滞留机制,选择位于湘东北地域的汩罗市桃林林场的林地-山塘-稻田汇水区系统作为研究对象,在水稻大田生长期间,原位研究其大气沉降、岗地径流、山塘水、稻田水、水稻生长等过程的铅通量.结果表明：①输入系统的铅源是大气沉降,其中,在水稻生育前期通过东南季风输入的区域外源铅占90%;②山塘是大气沉降铅的主要集纳地貌单元,存留了大气沉降输入岗地和山塘总铅的66%;③林-稻汇水区系统岗地铅净留存28.8~57.7 g·hm^-2,山塘铅净留存604.3~961.9 g·hm^-2,稻田铅净留存89.6~90.9 g·hm^-2;而对照系统岗地铅净输出173.3 g·hm^-2,山塘净留存3427.6 g·hm^-2,稻田净留存87.1 g·hm^-2;④岗地和山塘对铅的截留量能够互补;⑤从岗地通过径流-山塘水过程迁移到稻田的大分子有机物能够增强稻田对铅的截留.综上所述,丘陵林-稻汇水区系统中铅的循环与大气沉降有关,系统内岗地森林类型、郁闭度、降水产流及泥沙、有机物的输出都会影响铅在系统中的迁移和分配.     

Adsorption of 17β-estradiol from aqueous solution by raw and direct/pre/post-KOH treated lotus seedpod biochar

Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP) were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2) from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best and that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 hr.The efficiency of E2 removal increased with increasing E2 concentration and decreased with the increase of ionic strength.E2 adsorption on LSP-derived biochar(BCs) was influenced little by humic acid,and slightly affected by the solution p H when its value ranged from 4.0 to 9.0,but considerably affected at p H 10.0.Low environmental temperature is favorable for E2 adsorption.Chemisorption,π–π interactions,monolayer adsorption and electrostatic interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms.Comparative studies indicated that KOH activation and the order of activation steps had significant impacts on the material.Post-treated biochar exhibited better adsorption capacity for E2 than direct treated,pretreated,and raw LSP biochar.Pyrolyzed biochar at higher temperature improved E2 removal.The excellent performance of BCs in removing E2 suggested that BCs have potential in E2 treatment and that the biochar directly treated by KOH would be a good choice for the treatment of E2 in aqueous solution,with its advantages of good efficiency and simple technology.     

Hygroscopicity measurement of sodium carbonate, β-alanine and internally mixed β-alanine/Na2CO3 particles by ATR-FTIR

Water-uptakes of pure sodium carbonate(Na_2CO_3),pure β-alanine and internally mixedβ-alanine/Na_2CO_3 aerosol particles with different mole ratios are first monitored using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) technique.For pure Na_2CO_3 aerosol particles,combining the absorptions at 877 and 1422 cm-1 with abrupt water loss shows the efflorescence relative humidity(ERH) of 62.9%–51.9%.Upon humidifying,solid Na_2CO_3 firstly absorbs water to from Na_2CO_3·H2 O crystal at 72.0% RH and then deliquesces at 84.5% RH(DRH).As for pure β-alanine particles,the crystallization takes place in the range of 42.4%–33.2% RH and becomes droplets at ～ 88.2% RH.When β-alanine is mixed with Na_2CO_3 at various mole ratios,it shows no efflorescence of Na_2CO_3 whenβ-alanine to Na_2CO_3 mole ratio(OIR) is 2:1.For 1:1 and 1:2 β-alanine/Na_2CO_3 aerosols,the ERHs of Na_2CO_3 are 51.8%–42.3% and 57.1%–42.3%,respectively.While β-alanine crystal appears from 62.7% RH for 2:1 and 59.4% RH for both 1:1 and 1:2 particles and lasts to driest state.On hydration,the DRH is 44.7%–75.2% for Na_2CO_3 with the OIR of 1:1 and 44.7%–69.0%for 1:2 mixture,and those of β-alanine are 74.8% for 2:1 mixture and 68.9% for two others.After the first dehumidification–humidification,all the water contents decrease despite of constituent fraction.And at ～ 92% RH,the remaining water contents are 92%,89% and 82%at ～ 92% RH,corresponding to OIR of 2:1,1:1 and 1:2 mixed system,respectively.