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水胺硫磷降解优势菌的筛选及其降解条件的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文从已驯化好的活性污泥菌是悬液中分离筛选出水胺硫磷的降解优势菌,并对其降解条件进行了实验研究,当温度为25℃,PH为6.5~7.5,水胺硫磷进水浓度135mg/L,停留时间为12h,在供氧条件下,水胺硫磷降解率可达72.3%,而混合菌在最佳条件下,其水胺硫磷降解率为55.8%,本文还要菌种进行了鉴定。 相似文献
3.
分别采用《城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法》(CJ/T221—2005)中平皿计数法和多管发酵法检测分析呼和浩特市周边7个城镇污水处理厂、2个制药企业以及2个乳制品企业污泥中的细菌总教和粪大肠菌群茵值。结果显示:供试样品的细菌总数为1.0×10^6~1.3×10^8个/g,其中细菌含量最高的是乳制品企业l污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4污泥样品。粪大肠菌群菌值为2.0×10^5-5.4×10^8个/g,其中粪大肠茵群菌值最高的是污水处理厂2和污水处理厂5污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4和制药企业1污泥样品,乳制品企业污泥样品的粪大肠菌群茵值居中。 相似文献
4.
The microbiological contamination of waterways by pathogenic microbes has been, and is still, a persistent public safety concern
in the United States and in most countries of the world. As most enteric pathogens are transmitted through the fecal–oral
route, fecal pollution is generally regarded as the major contributor of pathogens to waterways. Fecal pollution of waterways
can originate from wastewater treatment facilities, septic tanks, domestic- and wild-animal feces, and pets. Because enteric
pathogens are derived from human or animal sources, techniques capable of identifying and apportioning fecal sources have
been intensively investigated for use in remediation efforts and to satisfy regulatory concerns. Pollution of human origin
is of the most concern, since human feces is more likely to contain human-specific enteric pathogens. Fecal indicator bacteria
have been used successfully as the primary tool for microbiologically based risk assessment. However measurement of fecal
indicator bacteria does not define what pathogens are present, or define the sources of these bacteria. Microbial source tracking
(MST) methods that have the ability to differentiate among sources of fecal pollution are currently under development. These
methods will ultimately be useful for risk assessment purposes and to aid regulatory agencies in developing strategies to
remediate microbiologically impaired waterways. 相似文献
5.
综述了微生物絮凝剂产生菌筛选和培育方面的研究进展,介绍了微生物絮凝剂在给水和饮用水、乳化液的油水分离、污水处理等领域的应用,以及廉价培养基的探索实践。提出针对影响微生物絮凝剂产生菌生长代谢的环境条件开展深入研究,同时寻找或设计廉价培养基,降低生产成本,推动其工业化应用。 相似文献
6.
Huan Zhong 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(3):981-986
This study compared the relative importance of three types of sorption (organic matter-particle, mercury-organic matter and mercury-particle) in controlling the overall mercury partitioning and bioavailability in sediments. We found that all three types of sorption were important for both inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylated mercury (MeHg). Mercury-particle sorption was more important than mercury-fulvic acid (FA) sorption in increasing the mercury concentrations with increasing aging. Bioavailability (quantified by gut juice extraction from sipunculans) was mainly controlled by mercury-particle sorption, while FA-particle and mercury-FA sorption were not as important, especially for MeHg. Bacterial activity also increased the partitioning of Hg or MeHg in the sediments and was further facilitated by the presence of organic matter. The bioavailability of Hg or MeHg from sediments was only slightly influenced by bacterial activity. This study highlights the importance of sorption from various sources (especially mercury-particle sorption) as well as bacteria in controlling the partitioning and bioavailability of Hg or MeHg in sediments. 相似文献
7.
The classic Microtox® solid phase assay (MSPA) based on the inhibition of light production of the marine bacteria recently renamed Aliivibrio fischeri suffers from various bias and interferences, mainly due to physico-chemical characteristics of the tested solid phase. To precisely assess ecotoxicity of sediments, we have developed an alternative method, named Microtox® leachate phase assay (MLPA), in order to measure the action of dissolved pollutants in the aqueous phase. Two hypotheses were formulated to explain the observed difference between MSPA and MLPA results: a real ecotoxicity of the solid phase or the fixation of bacteria to fine particles and/or organic matter. To estimate the latter, flow cytometry analyses were performed with two fluorochromes (known for their ability to stain bacterial DNA), allowing correction of MSPA measurements and generation of new (corrected) IC50. Comparison of results of MLPA with the new IC50 MSPA allows differentiating real ecotoxic and fixation effect in classic MSPA especially for samples with high amount of fines and/or organic matter. 相似文献
8.
The present study was to isolate and identify a potent algicidal compound from extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and study the potential inhibition mechanism on Microcystis aeruginosa. Column chromatography and bioassay-guided fractionation methods were carried out to yield neo-przewaquinone A, which was identified by spectral analysis. The EC50 of neo-przewaquinone A on M. aeruginosa were 4.68 mg L−1. In addition, neo-przewaquinone A showed relatively higher security on Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus, with the EC50 values of 14.78 and 10.37 mg L−1, respectively. For the potential inhibition mechanisms, neo-przewaquinone A caused M. aeruginosa cells morphologic damage or lysis, increased malondialdehyde content and decreased the soluble protein content, total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activity, and significantly inhibited three photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbD, and rbcL). The results demonstrated the algicidal effect of neo-przewaquinone A on M. aeruginosa and provided the possible inhibition mechanisms. 相似文献
9.
Valme Jurado Angel Fernandez-Cortes Soledad Cuezva Leonila Laiz Juan Carlos Cañaveras Sergio Sanchez-Moral Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(9):1027-1034
The conservation of rock-art paintings in European caves is a matter of increasing interest. This derives from the bacterial
colonisation of Altamira Cave, Spain and the recent fungal outbreak of Lascaux Cave, France—both included in the UNESCO World
Heritage List. Here, we show direct evidence of a fungal colonisation of rock tablets in a testing system exposed in Altamira
Cave. After 2 months, the tablets, previously sterilised, were heavily colonised by fungi and bacteria. Most fungi isolated
were labelled as entomopathogens, while the bacteria were those regularly identified in the cave. Rock colonisation was probably
promoted by the dissolved organic carbon supplied with the dripping and condensation waters and favoured by the displacement
of aerosols towards the interior of the cave, which contributed to the dissemination of microorganisms. The role of arthropods
in the dispersal of spores may also help in understanding fungal colonisation. This study evidences the fragility of rock-art
caves and demonstrates that microorganisms can easily colonise bare rocks and materials introduced into the cavity. 相似文献
10.
Luigi Vezzulli Mauro Fabiano Valeria Granelli Mariapaola Moreno 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(4):233-246
The concentration of a large spectrum of environmental contaminants (PCBs, PAHs, pesticides and metals) was assessed in surface sediments of two Ligurian harbours (Sanremo and Alassio, NW Mediterranean Sea, Italy) and their relative impact on micro-meiobenthic assemblages was analysed. Concentration, distribution and relative importance of the different contaminants varied considerably between harbours in relation to the different anthropic activities and contamination sources. Results from Principal Component Analysis indicated that high levels of contaminants were typically correlated with low micro-meiobenthic abundance in the sediment. Heavy metals and the organic enrichment were the main factors affecting the distribution and abundance of the bacterial and meiofaunal assemblages in Alassio harbour, whereas hydrocarbons and pesticides played a major role in Sanremo sediments. Neither the bacteria density nor the meiofauna abundance were dependent on sediment grain size, suggesting that micro-meiobenthic parameters may be under the influence of other variables. Our results suggest that high concentrations of contaminants independently from their source or typology are responsible for the impact observed on micro-meiobenthic assemblages in these harbours. 相似文献